‘MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


BOTANY. 
Vote; No. 1; November 1, 1904, 


A CENTURY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN 
MONTANA, 1805--1905: COLLECTORS, | 
HERBARIA AND BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


BY J. W. BLANKINSHIP, Pu. D., 
PROFESSOR OF BOTANY. 


BOZEMAN, MONTANA. 


PUBLISHED BY THE COLLEGE 
FOUR TIMES A YEAR. 


ANNOUNCEMENT. 


These Science Studies of the Montana Agricultural College are in- 
tended to afford a medium for the publication of papers dealing es- 
pecially with pure science and general education, and are co-ordinate 
with the bulletins of the Agricultural Experiment Station, which ™ 
consider the subject of science only in its economic aspect. The 
two phases of pure and applied science are so closely interwoven that 
any careful work in one usually necessitates the accumulation of 
more or less data in the other, for the publication of which these 
two parallel series are necessary. 


Avant Courier Publishing Company, Bozeman, Montana, 


Libr“ y | eae 
DE Ane , : a 


UNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS > aa 


FE Marshall. f 


THE BITTERROOT (LEWISIA REDIVIVA, PURSH). 
THE STATE FLOWER OF MONTANA. 


MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 
Val. tiaNare: November I, 1904, 


Application has been made for entrance as 2d class matter at Bozeman, Mont. postoffice. 


CEN TRY ot Der ANTOCAT. D XPLORA TION 
IN MONTANA. 


Collectors, Herbaria and Bibliography. 
BY J. W. BLANKINSHIP. 


PREFACE. 


In the study of the flora of a region it is very desirable, and indeed 
necessary for scientific accuracy, to know what collections have been 
previously made in that region, where these are deposited and what 
publications based upon them have been issued, so as to determine 
range of species, consult types and avoid unnecessary duplication, - 
while having at hand the conclusions of previous botanists in the 
case of the many doubtful forms found in a flora relatively new and 
unworked. The present paper is an attempted summation of the 
first century of botanical effort in Méntana and, while the lists 
published can hardly claim to be complete and errors of reference 
perhaps unavoidable at a point remote from the larger botanical 

“libraries, it is hoped that the data here assembled may prove 
ejof value to’others concerned with the botany of this region and 
“encourage the study of one of the most interesting and eats floras 
2 in the United States 

It appears that four out of the ten collections made previous to 

“1862 went to Europe along with the publication of the species 

° contained and that all the others, for the first three quarters of the 
N century, remained in the Eastern United States, but, since 1880, a 
large part of the collections made have remained, in duplicate at 
least, in this state, principally at the Agricultural College, Bozeman. 
These latter now include the private herbaria of R. S. Williams, 
W. T. Shaw, Mrs. E. W. Scheuber, Peter Koch, Mrs. I. M. Kennedy, 
j. W. Blankinship, F. A. Spragg, Mrs. J. E. Light and the World’s 
Fair Collection of 1893, and duplicates of the collections made by F. 
D. Kelsey, E. N. Brandegee, Mrs. G. R. Finlay, Mrs. H. F. Henshall, 
Rydberg & Bessey, L. M. Umbach, M. J.’ Elrod,;-W. W. Jones 


% 


4 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGH SCIENCE STUDIES. 


and others, so that hereafter no one can hope to do special work in 
the flora of this state without having previously consulted these 
iccal herbaria, which increase in size and value every year. 

Owing to the fact that all the early collections made in Montana 
are found in the Eastern herbaria under the names of other states, 
as the word “Montana” was not applied to this region till 1864, it 
will be found helpful for other students of our flora at these herbaria 
to know the names by which it was called previous to that date. 


MONTANA. 
WEST OF CONTINENTAL DIVIDE.|EAST OF CONTINENTAL DIVIDE. 
Oregon Country, 1790-1846. Louisiana (France) till 1762. 
(In dispute between Great Britian | Louisiana (Spain), 1762-1800. 
and the United States). Province of Louisiana (France), 1800-3. 


| District of Louisiana (U. 8.), 1808-5. 
Territory of Louisiana, 1805-12. 
Oregon Country, (U. S.), 1846-48. Territory of Missouri, 1812-21. 
Territory of Oregon, 1848-53. |The Indian Country or Northwest Ter- 
| yritory, or specially the “Mandan 
| District,” (1849), 1821-54. 
Territory of Nebraska, 1854-61. 
Territory of Washington, 1853-1863. | Territory of Dakota, 1861-1863. 

Territory of Idaho, 1863-1864. 

Territory of Montana, 1864-1889. 

State of Montana, 1889—. 


It is intented to include, as far as practicable, the names of all 
those who have made botanical collections of any importance within 
the present bounds of Montana, to indicate the routes they pursued, 
as an aid in the determination of “type localities,” to specify the place 
where their collections are now deposited, as far as known, and to 
mention the title and place of publication of all works dealing 
wholly or largely with the flora of this state. 

As far as known, notice is made of all collections numbering 100 or 
more specimens, deposited in some accessible herbarium, or which 
may be of special interest from their early date or from reference to 
them in botanical publications, following the order of historical 
sequence up to 1905. It is hoped that any errors or omissions found 
will be communicated to the author and in particular it is desired 
to know the place of deposit of all Montana collections not here 


noted or information of other publications based upon them. 


MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, 
Bozeman, Montana, Nov. 1, 1904. 


A CENTURY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN MONTANA. 5 


I.—BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS MADE IN MONTANA. 


Meriwether Lewis of the Lewis and Clark expedition, 
made the first collections within the present state of Montana. The 
route of this expedition was up the Missouri, Jefferson and Beaver- 
head rivers, down the Bitterroot and across through the Lolo Pass 
(Apr.*28 to Sept. 3} 1805), returning (the Lewis party) by way of 
the Big Blackfoot, the Lewis & Clark pass, down Sun river, up the 
Marias to its head-waters and down the Missouri (June 29 to Aug. 
7, 1806), all the Montana specimens except one or two being cal- 
lected on the return. Some 33 of the specimens brought back were 
from Montana and of these about two-thirds were new to science. 
These were published in Pursh’s “Flora” and enumerated again by 
Meehan (Proc. Acad. Phila. Jan. 1898: 12-49), while the collection 
itself is in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural 
Sciences. 


[Thomas Nuttall seems never to have been within the bounds of 
the present state of Montana, although authors have mistakenly 
referred many of his specimens collected in Wyoming and Idaho to 
this state. He ascended the Missouri river with John Bradbury 
in 1810 as far as the eastern part of Mercer county, North Dakota* 


and accompanied the Wyeth Second Expedition** of 1834-6, which 
passed far south and west of this state. ] 


David Douglas, an English horticulturist and botanical explorer, 
may possibly have reached the extreme western limits of the state 
about 1826, though his own account (Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 82-177 and 
‘lrans. Hort. Soc. London, 7: 513):does not make this at all certain. 


Alexander Philipp Maximilian, Prince of Neuweid, travelled ap 
the Missouri River as far as the Gate of the Mountains, 1832-34, the 
botany of the expedition, published as an appendix to his 
“Travels’,*** being elaborated by Nees von Essenbeck. 


*Bradbury’s Travels in the Interior of America, 1809-1811. Early Western 
‘Travels by R. G. Thwaites. Cleveland, O. 1904. 

**Townsend, J. K.: “Narrative of a Journey Across the Rocky Mountains 
to the Columbia River and a Visit to the Sandwich Islands, Chili, Etc., with 
a scientific appendix.” Philadelphia. 1839. 

***Reise in das innere Nordamerica in den Jahren 1832-1834, 2 vols. Coblenz, 
1841. French edition, Paris, 1843; English edition, London, 1848. 


624 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Nathaniel J. Wyeth, a Boston fur-trader, on his return from his 
first expedition, appears to have ascended the Clark’s Fork (called by 
him the Flathead) to its junction with the Missoula, thence up that 
stream and the Bitter Root through the Big Hole Basin to the 
Salmon ‘River in Idaho and eastward to the Big Horn River, 
following down this and the Yellowstone to the Missouri (April to 
August, 1833).* His collections were described by Nuttall and are 
in the Academy of Sciences at Philadelphia, a duplicate set being at 
the New York Botanical Garden. 


Charles A. Geyer, a German botanist, collected in Montana in 
1844. His route appears to have been up the Clark’s Fork to the 
Flathead mission and from there up the Bitter Root and down the 
Jefferson and Yellowstone in the path Clark marked out. His 
plants were taken to Europe, determined by Hooker, and distribut- 
ed to various herbaria, Kew or the British Museum and the Gray 
Herbarium securing the more important sets. Geyer himself gives 
a general account of the country (London Jour. Bot. vols. 4 and 5) 
and Hooker describes his plants (London Jour. Bot. vol. 6 and 
Hooker's Jour. Bot. vols. 3, 5, 7 and 8). 


T. A. Culbertson in 1850 collected along the Missouri as far as 
the mouth of Milk River, but principally about the mouth of the 
Yellowstone.** His collection is probably in Porter’s private herbari- 
um and more or less of his specimens in the older herbaria. The re- 
sults of his work were published by T. C. Porter (5th Ann. Rep. 
Smith Inst. pp. 133-136). 


J. G. Cooper, a physician attached to the Stevens Expedition of 
1853-4, appears to have made collections in the state from Ft. Ben- 
ton to Helena and westward, though they appear to have been few 
and fragmentary. Sets of these plants are at the Gray Herbarium, 
the New York Botanical Garden and the National Museum. He 
issued a single paper on the trees of the state (Am. Nat. 3 :405-422. 
1870). ; 


*“The Correspondence and Journals of Captain Nathaniel J. Wyeth, 
1831-36” in “Sources of the History of Oregon,’ Vol. 1, Pts. 3-6. Eugene, 
Ore., 1899. Oregon Historical Society. 

**Culbertson, T. A. “Journal of an expedition to the Manvaises Terres 
and the Upper Missouri in 1850.” 


A CENTURY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN MONTANA. 7 


F. V. Hayden, the geologist of the “Hayden Survey”, collected 
somewhat in botany on the Lower Yellowstone and the Big Horn in 
1853-4, and with the Warren Expedition of 1855-57, which 
ascended the Yellowstone to the mouth of the Big Horn and thence 
across to Ft. Benton. He also made collections with the Raynolds 
Expedition of 1860, which ascended to the headwaters of the Mis- 
sourt and the Yellowstone. The plants of this latter expedi- 
tion were determined and the results published by Dr. George 
Engelmann (Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 12: 182-212. Phila. 1862), which 
is largely a reprint from a previous paper by Hayden (Rep. Sec. 
War for 1858. 2:726-747). 


George Suckley, a physician, who accompanied the Stevens Ex- 
pedition of 1853-4, collected along the Missouri and Milk rivers as 
far as Ft. Benton, his plants being determined and: the results 
publisied by UreGtray (Pac. Ry. ourv..12,..Pty 2* 40-494 1860). His 
type collection is probably at the Gray Herbarium with duplicates 
at the National Herbarium, Washington, and the New York Botani- 
cal Garden. 


John Pearsall accompanied the Mullan Expedition of 1858-62, 
which followed the route up the Prickly Pear from Ft. Benton to 
Helena and thence westward along the line now marked by the 
Northern Pacific railway and the Coeur d’Alene branch into Idaho. 
He probably collected fewer than a hundred specimens in the state 
andy these appear toxbe now in the Gray Herb. and the N.- YY. Bot. 
Garden. 


David Lyall, an English Naturalist of the North American Bound- 
ary Commission (“Oregon Boundary Commission”), collected. a 
number of species in 1861, in northwestern Montana or near the 
Canadian line, then being established, west of the Continental Di- 
vide. His type collection is at Kew, but a number of his speci- 
mens are at the Gray Herb. He published his results in London 
in 1863 (Jour. Linnzan Soc. 7: 124-144). 


Winslow J. Howard seems to have collected somewhat in the 
“Rocky Mountains of Montana’ about 1866, as a number of his 
specimens are found in the Gray Herbarium and at least one species 
(Omphalodes Howardu, Gray) was named for him. 


Robert Adams and G. N. Allen were here with the Hayden Survey 


§ MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


in 1871, collecting along the Upper Yellowstone, Gallatin, Madison 
and Jefferson rivers, their plants being determined and results pub- 
lished by Porter in the Hayden Survey for 1871 (pp. 477-498). Their 
collections are with the Porter Herbarium at Lafayette College, 
Easton, Pa. and a duplicate set at the N. Y. Bot. Gard. 


John M. Coulter, now Professor of Botany in the University of 
Chicago and whose “Manual of Rocky Mountain Botany” still re- 
mains our text-book on the flora of the state, was here with the 
Hayden Survey in 1872-3, but collected only along the Upper Yel- 
lowstone and mainly within the present limits of the Park. His 
determinations appear in the Hayden Survey for 1873 (pp. 747-792), 
while his specimens are probably in the National Herbarium at 
Washington and at the University of Chicago. 


J. A. Allen, Naturalist of the North Pacific Railroad Expedition 
of 1873, ascended the Yellowstone to Pompey’s Pillar, thence across. 
to and down the Musselshell to the Big Bend and back down the 
Yellowstone. His plants were determined by Dr. George Vasey 
and a set is doubtless in the National Herbarium. He published 
his report, which contains a considerable list of Montana species, in 
Boston (Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 17: 70-86. 1874). 


C. C. Parry accompanied the Jones Expedition to the Yellowstone 
Park in 1873 and some of his collections are probably from the Up- 
the Yellowstone in Montana. All his private herbarium extant. 
is at the Iowa State University, lowa City, lowa, but there are 
duplicate sets in the older herbaria. His “Botanical Observations” 
was published (Amer. Nat. 8: 9, 102, 175, 211, with a reprint) at 
Salem, Mass. in 1874. 


Elliott Coues, then connected with the army as surgeon and nat- 
uralist on the United States Northern Boundary Commission, in 
conjunction with the Canadian naturalist, George M. Dawson made 
collections along the northern boundary of the state in 1874, the 
species being determined and published by Chickering (Bull. U. S. 
Geol. and Geogr. Survey, 4: 801-830. Washington, 1878). 


V. Havard, an army surgeon, took part in a reconnoissance in 
1877 up the Yellowstone to Pompey’s Pillar and thence northward 
across the Musselshell and Judith Basin to the Missouri and again, 
in 1879, up the Missouri and Milk rivers to Ft. Assinniboine and on 


A CENTURY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN MONTANA. 9 


to Great Falls. A report of his collections was published in Ann. 
Rep. Chief of Engineers, U. S. A. for 1878, App. QQ, pp. 1681-1687, 
and in that for 1880, App. SS, pp. 1-20. His collections shctild be in 
the National Herbarium and there appears to be a set at the Gray 
Herbarium. 


Sereno Watson of the Gray Herbarium made a trip into ivestern 
Montana in 1880, collecting data in regard to the forestry of the re- 
‘gion for the 1oth census. His route was from Garrison to Dillon and 
westward throught the Big Hole Basin and down the Bitter Root 
to Missoula and out by way of the Lo Lo pass. He made a con- 
siderable collection, now at the Gray Herbarium, while his report 
is published by Sargent (1oth Census. 9: 564-5€6. Washington, 
7884). 


Robert S. Williams, while engaged in other business, made ex- 
tensive collections extending over some 19 years (1880-1899), in- 
cluding Lichens and Mosses, as well as flowering plants. His 
plants came mainly from the Little Belt and Highwood mountains, 
Great Falls (1880-1891), Columbia Falls and adjacent Rockies (1892- 
99) and Teton county (1897). His private collection is at the 
Montana Agricultural College, Bozeman, Montana, but duplicate 
sets of his plants have been distributed at the Nat. Herb., N. Y. Bot. 
Gard., Gray Herb., Mo. Bot. Gard., Univ. of Mont., and other her- 
baria, and he has published several papers dealing with our flora. 


Frank Tweedy, a topographer in the U. S. Geological Survey, 
while working in southern Montana and the Yellowstone Park, 
made extensive collections in this state, which are mainly in his 
private herbarium at Washington, with partial sets at the N. Y. 
Bot. Gard., Coll. of Pharmacy, N. Y., Nat. Herb., Gray Herb., and at 
Mont. Agr. Coll. He collected during the years 1881-2 and 1886-91 
within the Crow Reservation and the counties of Carbon, Sweet 
Grass, Park, Gallatin, Madison, Beaver Head, Silver Bow, and Jet- 
ferson. He published a Flora of the Yellowstone National Park 
(Washington 1886). 


William M. Canby, a banker of Wilmington, Del., was here in 
1882-83 with the Northern Transcontinental Survey along with 
Charles S. Sargent, who was studying the forestry of the state. 
The collections of the former are now at the College of Pharmacy, 
New York City and those of the latter at the Arnold Arboretum, 


10 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Jamaica Plains, Mass., of which he is Director. Their route extended 
from Helena to the Flathead Agency, past the Flathead Lake and up 
the N. Fk. of the Flathead River, over the Cutbank Pass and back 
over the Lewis and Clark Pass. 


F. W. Anderson, son of an English minister of Great Falls, col- 
lected about Great Falls, Ft. Benton, Little Belt and Highwood 
Mountains, Helena and Sheridan (1883-88). Most of his personal 
collections are in the herbarium of the College of Montana at Deer 
Lodge, but his Fungi and Algae appear to have been secured by 
the New York Botanical Garden with the herbarium of J. B. Ellis. 
He published a number of papers on the flora of the state, mainly 
on the Fungi and Algae in connection with Kelsey. 


E. W. Hilgard, now Director of the California Agricultural Ex- 
periment Station at Berkeley, was engaged in making a soil survey 
of the state in 1883 in connection with the Northern Transcontinen- 
tal Survey and collected a series of plants in the plains region, chief- 
ly along the Milk river, Judith Basin, Musselshell and the Yellow- 
stone, but most of this collection was destroyed by fire, the remain- 
der being at the University of California. 


J. B. Leiberg, while in the service of the Northern Pacific Railway 
in the interest of tree-culture, made collections as far west as Glen- 
dive and later published his notes on the botany of the region (Bot. 
Gaz. 9: 103-107, 126-129. 1884). He also worked up the forestry of - 
the Bitter Root Forest Reserve in 1898 in the employ of the U. S. 
Geological Survey which published his report (19th Ann. Rep. U. 
Se. Geol” Surv.’ 5: 2534282): 


J. S. Newberry collected along the Northern Pacific Railway in 
1884, publishing a brief note on the botany (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 
3: 242-270. 1884). : 

F. Lamson Scribner was here in 1883 with the Northern Transcon- 
tinental Survey under W. M. Canby and devoted his attention par- 
ticularly to studying the grasses. He made collections at Lima, 
Dillon, Garrison, Helena and Bozeman and made a trip from Town- 
send to White Sulphur Springs, Monarch and Ft. Benton. . His own 
private collection was destroyed by fire but there is a duplicate set 
at the College of Pharmacy, New York. He published a paper 


\ 


A CENTURY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN MONTANA. 11 


on the agricultural grasses of the state (4th and 5th Proc. Soc. Prom. 
Agr. Science, pp) 87-93. Newburg, N. Y. 1885). 


A. B. Seymour, now connected with the Cryptogamic Herbarium 
of Harvard University, made a trip through the state in 1884 along 
the line of the Northern Pacific Railway collecting parasitic fungi. 
He stopped at Billings, Livingston, Bozeman, Helena, and Thomp- 
son Falls. Sets of this collection are in his private herbarium, at 
the Univ. of Illinois, in whose interest he made the excursion, and 
at Harvard University. A list of the plants collected was published 
in Boston in 1889 (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 4: 182-191). 


F. D. Kelsey, a Congregational minister at Helena, took up botany 
as a recreation and did much to arouse interest in this science over 
the state. He collected mainly in Lewis and Clarke, but also in Deer 
Lodge, Ravalli and Jefferson counties and as_ far east as Bil- 


‘lings, his work extending from 1885 to 1892. It was under his di- 


rection that the World’s Fair collection of 1893 was made and this 
is now in the herb. of Mont. Agr. College, but all his private her- 
barium is at Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, where he was _ pro- 
fessor of botany after leaving Montana. In conjunction with An- 
derson he published a number of papers on the flora. 


W. T. Shaw made a small collection of plants about Bozeman 
in 1892 and previously at Deer Lodge; these are now in the herb. 
Montana Agricultural College. 


F. W. Traphagen, while connected with the College of Montana 
at Deer Lodge was largely instrumental in building up the herbarium 


of that institution. His collections (1887-1890) were mainiy from 


that vicinity and are deposited with that institution, a duplicate 
set being at the N. Y. Bot. Garden. 


Mrs. Emma W. Scheuber of Livingston (Miss Emma j. Ware), 


then a teacher, collected in Deer Lodge county and on the Big 


Blackfoot, at Philipsburg, Beartown, Granite (1888-1892) and later 
about Livingston. She donated her collections to the Agricultural 
College, Bozeman. 


Georg Dieck of Zoeschen bei Merseburg, Germany, collected in 
Central Montana (Deer Lodge) in August, 1888 the plants being de- 
termined and results published by J. Freyn (Deutsch Bot. Monats. 


12 * MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


8: 73-79, 176-182. 1891). Collection here apparently unimportant. 


Peter Koch, a banker of Bozersan made extensive collections in 
Gallatin county (1888-1894) ans atcut Cooke City and the Granite 
Range (1897 and 1899). He donated his entire collection to the Mon- 
tana Agricultural College. 


M. A. Carleton, now connected with the Department of Agricul- 
ture at Washington, took part in the Garfield University (now 
Friend’s University at Wichita, Kansas) Expedition, which was in 
Montana in August, 1889, collecting along the Oregon Short Line, at 
Helena and the Gate of the Mountains, the chief set of plants remain- 
ing at that institution, but duplicates are in his private herbarium at 
Washington and at the University of Chicago. The plants were 
named by Prof. J. M. Coulter and the results published by Carleton 
(Kans. Acad. Sci. 13: 50-57. Topeka, 1893). Relatively few species: 
are from Montana. 


Mrs. Irene M. Kennedy of Columbia Falls made collections about 
Belt and Great Falls (1884-89), in the Flathead region (1892-1900), 
and at Midvale and Columbia Falls (1890-1898) and has donated 
them to the Agricultural College, Bozeman. 


J. W. Blankinship, Professor of Botany in Montana Agricultural 
College, collected on the Big Horn river near Custer Station in 
1890 and later over nearly every part of the state (1898-1904), 
fiowering plants mainly, but also largely of parasitic fungi and other 
Cryptogams. The collections are in the Agricultural College, Boze- 
man and a number of papers chiefly of an economic nature, have’ 
been published. Various sets of this collection have been distri- 
buted to the principal herbaria. 


F. N. Notestein, who succeeded Dr. Traphagen at the College of 
Montana, did more or less collecting in the vicinity of Deer Lodge 
(1890-1895) and his specimens are with that institution. 


Mrs. Mary L. Alderson, collected about Bozeman (1889-92) and 
later about Bald Butte, where she now resides. A part of her 
collection is in the herbarium Montana Agricultural College. 


E. N. Brandegee, now President of the State Board of Horticul- 
ture, has a large private herbarium, mainly from Lewis and Clark 
county (1892-1900) with duplicates in the herb. Mont. Agr. Coll. 


t A CENTURY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN MONTANA. 13 


Mrs. G. R. Finlay of Bozeman has done more or less botanical 


_ work in that vicinity (1893-1903) and donated many specimens to 


the Montana Agricultural College. 


Mrs. Laura A. Fitch made collections about Sheridan and Virginia 
City (1892?) some of which are at the Mont. Agr. Coll., but her pri- 
vate herbarium is at the Univ. of Mont., Missoula. 


J. H. Sandberg, assisted by D. T. MacDougal and A. A. Heller, 
made a small collection 6f plants at Thompson Falls, Bonner and 
Glendive in 1892 (Cont. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 204-287. Washington, 
1895) for the National Herbarium and Dr. MacDougal collected 
about Flathead Lake, the Mission Mountains and McDonald Lake 
in the summer of I9o01, the specimens going to the N. Y. Bot. Gard. 


Mrs. J. E. Light sent a collection of nearly 100 specimens collec- 
ted in 1892 in Custer county to the World’s Fair collection of 1903. 
These are at the Montana Agricultural College. The Montana Ladies’ 
World’s Fair Collection of 1893 was made up by the ladies all over 
the state, for besides Mrs. Scheuber (Miss Emma Ware), Mrs. . 
Alderson, Mrs. Finlay, Mrs. Fitch, Mrs. Kennedy and Mrs. Light, 
already mentioned, there were also Mrs. Jennie Moore of Butte, 
Mrs. Ida Christie of Silver Bow Co., Mrs. McNulty of Madison 
Co., Mrs. E. Muth of Lewis and Clark Co., Mrs. Hodgeman and 
others who took part in the work. This collection is now a part of 
the herbarium of the Montana Agricultural College. 


P. A. Rydberg, now Curator of the herbarium of the New York 
Botanical Garden, was here with C. L. Shear in 1895 in the employ 
of the Division of Agrostology at Washington, collecting mainly for- 
age plants. Their route was from Dillon, to Deer Lodge, Helena, 
Bozeman and return.. Their plants are in the Div. of Agrost. at 
Washington and the N. Y. Bot. Garden. Dr. Rydberg returned un- 
der the same auspices in 1896 accompanied by J. H. Flodman of 
Wahoo, Neb. and collected from Bozeman, the Spanish Peaks and 
Bridger Range, to Monarch and the Judith Basin, returning along 
the Crazy Mountains to Livingston. Their collections were dis- 
tributed as before. The next summer Dr. Rydberg returned in the 
interest of the New York Botanical Garden and had as his assis- 
tant this time E. A. Bessey of the University of Nebraska. Their 
route extended from Bozeman via the Spanish Peaks, and the Mad- 
ison Valley to the Park and return by way of the Yellowstone. The 


14 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


type collections are at the N. Y. Bot. Gard., but duplicates have been 
widely distributed, the Gray Herb. and the Mont. Agr. College, 
among others, receiving sets. Based mainly upon these collections 
Dr. Rydberg issued his “Flora of Montana and the Yellowstone 
National Park” (New York, 1900) and numerous other papers on 
our flora. 


H. S. Jennings, Professor of Botany in the Montana Agricultur- 
al College, made a.small collection about Bozeman in 1897 and this 
is in the herbarium of this institution. 


E. V. Wilcox made collections in the Absaroka Mountains in 1897 
and in various parts of the state in 1900, for the Department of Ag- 
riculture at Washington and these specimens are in the Nat. Herb. 
and Dept. of Agr. at Washington and in the N. Y. Bot. Gard. 


David Griffiths in the empioy of the Division of Agrostology at 
Washington and T. A. Williams, Professor of Botany at the Agr. 
Coll. of S. Dakota made a tour through the state in 1898, stopping 
at Billings, Red Lodge, Missoula and the Bitter Root Valley. Dr. 
Griffiths came again in 1890 with E. F. Lange, a teacher of Superior 
Neb., stopping at Billings, Selish, Flathead Lake and various points 
along the Great Northern to Great Falls. The collections are in 
hes Ss. Nat ater: 


Mrs. Hester F. Henshall has done more or less collecting about 
Mt. Bridger and the U. S. Fish Station near Bozeman (1898-1903) 
-and many of her specimens are in the herbarium of the Montana 
Agricultural College. 


H. B. Ayres, worked up the forestry of the Flathead Forest Re- 
serve in 1898 and that of the Lewis and Clark Forest Reserve in 
1899 for the Geological Survey, which published his reports (2oth 
Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. 5: 245-316. and 21st. 5: 27-80.) 


Aven Nelson, Professor of Botany in the University of Wyoming 
and Elias Nelson, his assistant, collected across the southern part 
of Madison County from Monida to the Park in 1899 and their col- 
lections are at that institution and variously distributed. 


Wyatt W. Jones, Burle J. Jones, Jacob Vogel, E. J. S. Moore and 
Amy M. Cooke, students in the Mont. Agr. College, made important 


A CENTURY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN MONTANA. 15 


collections in various parts of Gallatin county (1900-1903) and sets 
of their specimens are in the herbarium of that institution. 


Frank A. Spragg, while preparing his thesis in botany at the Mont. 
Agr. College, collected in 1900-and Igo1 in Fergus county and re- 
gion adjacent, largely grasses, which are in the herbarittm of the 
college. 


H. C. Cowles, Professor of Botany in the University of Chicago, 
with some 19 students spent some time collecting along the Great 
Northern Railway and at McDonald and Flathead Lakes in August, 
1901, the chief set of the specimens going to the University of Chi- 
cago. 


L. M. Umbach, Professor of Biology at Northwestern College, 
Naperville, Ill., made large and important collections in Montana 
in 1901 and 1903, principally in the Lake McDonald region, and at 


' Big Fork and Midvale. His collections are at that institution, but 


there are duplicate sets at the N. Y. Bot. Gard. and Mont. Agr. Coll. 


M. J. Elrod, Professor of Biology at the University of Montana, 
and some of his students collected about Missoula and the Flathead 
Lake region (1899-1904), their collections going to the University 
of Montana with duplicates at Mont. Agr. Coll. and the N. Y. Pot. 
Gard. 


Wilson P. Harris of Brooklyn, N. Y., collected Lichens and Mosses 
in western Montana, principally about Missoula and the Flathead 
Lake, in the summer of I9g01 under the auspices of the New York 
Botanical Garden. The Lichens were determined by Prof. Bruce 
Fink and Mrs. Isaac Harris and the Mosses by Mrs. Elizabeth G. 
Britton. Sets of this collection are at the New York Botanical Ger- 
den, the University of Montana and in the herbaria of Mr. Harris 
and his mother, while the results of his work appear in Bull. No. 19, 
Univ. of Mont., Missoula, 1904. 


Harry N. Whitford with others from the University of Chicago 
worked in the same locality in 1902, paying particular attention to 
forestry. 


T. J. Fitzpatrick of Iowa City, Iowa also made an extensive bo- 
tanical collection in the Mission Mountains and Flathead Lake 
region in 1902. 


1€ MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 
' 
Millie M. Smith, a teacher from Forsyth and Arthur Lehman from 
Lewistown also collected there in 1904. 


Besides those in this list who have collected in Montana, there 
are doubtless many others whose names rightly belong here. A few. 
of these names whose collections I have not been able to place are 
as follows: Swallow, “in the high mountains of Montana;’ R. W. 
Springer, 1882; E. Douglas, Helena, 1894. Any information relating 
to the collections made by these and by others not here listed will be 
gratefully received. 


II.—BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


The following list is intended to include all publications dealing 
wholly or in large part with the botany of the state of Montana, 
arranged alphabetically by authors, with brief notes as to their 
nature and importance. 


_ Allen, J. A. “Notes on tne natural history of portions of Mon- 
tana and Dakota.” : Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 17: 1-61.. Bos- 
ton, 1874. An annotated list of the plants collected by the expedi- 
tion, arranged by orders. 


Anderson, F. W. ‘Pastoral Resources of Montana.” Rep. Com. 
Agr. 1888: 311-324. Washington, 1889. A sketch of the general 
physical features of the state, its climate, agriculture and botany 
with an enumeration of some 55 of the chief forage grasses. 

Anderson, F. W. “Brief Notes on a few common fungi of Monta- 
na.’ Jour. Mycol. 5: 30-32. Washington, 1889. Notes on 14 of 
the more common leaf-fungi of the state. 


Anderson F. W. “Supplementary notes.” Jour Mycol. 5: 82-84. 
1889. Brief notes on 53 species of the fungi of Helena, Mont. 


Anderson, F. W. “A preliminary list of the Erysiphez of Monta- 


na.” Jour. Mycol. 5: 188-194. 1889. Mentions 13 species with 
their hosts and distribution. N 


Anderson, F. W. “The fruit of Rrbes aureum, Pursh”’. Bot. Gaz. 
14: 289. Crawfordsville, Ind., 1889. A mere note on variation in 
color. ; 


A CENTURY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN MONTANA. 17 


Anderson, F. W. “A new Fomes from Northern Montana.” Bot, 
Gaz. 16: 114. 1891. Describes and figures F. Ellisianus, Anders. on 
Shepherdia. 


Anderson, F. W., and F. D. Kelsey. “Common and conspicuous 
alge of Montana.” Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 18: 137-146. New York. 
1891. Notes on some 62 species, four of which are described as new. 


PrAnderscn wee VV oce- |... Bilis. 


Ayres she B. the Flathead Forest Reserve.” 20th Ann. Rep. 
U. S. Geol. Surv. 5: 245-316. “Washington, 1900. Contains an 
exhaustive treatment of the economic forestry of that section with 
a detailed description of the whole region. 


Ayres, H. B. “Lewis and Clark Forest Reserve, Montana’. 21st 
Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. 5: 27-80.. Washington 1900. A valuable 
paper on the forestry and topography of this region. 


Blankinship, J. W. “Weeds of Montana”. Mont. Agr. Exp. Sta. 


Bull. 30: 1-70. Bozeman, Mont., tg90r. An enumeration of the 


weeds of the state with a general discussion of the subject. 


Blankinship, J. W. “Report of the botanist”. Bull. Mont. Agr. 
Exp. Station. 32: 38-44. 1902.; Ann. Rep. Mont. Agr. Exp. Sta. 9: 
68-79. 1903, and 10:64-68. 1904. Contains many short papers on 
the economic botany of the state. 


Blankinship, J. W. “Shade Trees and Ornamental Vines of Mon- 
tana.” Ann. Rep. Mont. Farmers’ Institutes, 1:202-216,; Helena, 
1902. An enumeration of the species commonly used for this pur- 
pose in the State. 


Blankinship, J. W. “Poisonous Plants of Montana”. Ann. Sess. 
N. W. Woolgrowers’ Assoc. 5: 49- 54. Helena, 1902. A preliminary 
discussion of the subject. 


Blankinship, J. W. “The Loco and Some other Poisonous Plants 
cf Montana’. Bull. Mont. Agr. Exp. Sta. 45: 73-104. 1903. A gen- 
eral report of the five chief groups of plants poisonous to stock in 
the state with a special study of the loco question with means for 
avoidance and eradication. 


Canby, W. M. “Erigeron Tweedyi, n. sp.” Bot. Gaz. 13:17. 1888. 
Carleton, M. A. “List of plants collected by the Garfield Univer- 


18 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


sity Expedition of 1889.” Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 13: 50-57. ‘o- 
peka, 1893. Gives a list of the species collected, a number of which 
are from Montana. ; 


Chesnut, V. K. “Some poisonous plants of the northern stock 
ranges.” Yearbook U. S. Dept. Agr. 1900: 305-324. Washington, 
1900. A general discussion of the subject, including conditions in 
Montana. 


Chesnut, V. K. and E. V. Wilcox. “The stock-poisoning plants 
of (Montana:’? Bull.) Div. “Bot),cU. S, Depts Agr, 2611-150, 100m 
An extended account largely experimental, of the plants known or 
suspected of being poisonous in the state. 


Chickering, J. W. “Catalogue of Phaenogamous and Vascular 
Cryptogamous plants collected during the summer of 1873 and 1874 
in Dakota and Montana along the 49th Parallel by Dr. Elliott Coues. 
U. S. A.: with which are incorporated those collected in the same 
region at the same time by Mr. George M. Dawson.” Bull. U. S. 
Geol. and Geogr. Surv. 4: 801-830. Washington, 1878. A list of 
species by orders with localities and dates. 


Cooper, J. G. “The sylva of Montana.” Am. Nat. 3: 405-422. 
i870. An enumeration of the trees of the state with their distribit- 
tion through the two biological regions. 


Coulter, J. M. and others. “A catalogue of plants collected in 
1872 in portions of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming and Utah.” Hayden 
Surv. 1872: 747-792. (Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. 6:747-792). 
Washington, 1873. Contains a general description of the botany of 
this region with an ordinal enumeration of the species and localities, 
those of Montana being from the region adjacent to the Park. 


Coulter, J. M. “Manual of the botany of the Rocky Mountain Re- 
gion.” New York and Chicago. 1885. This is still the only man- 
ual available for the systematic study of the flora of the state. 


Coulter, J. M. and E. M. Fisher. “New and Noteworthy North 
American Plants.” Bot. Gaz. 18: 299-303. 1893. Several new 
Montana species described. ; 


Douglas, David. “A sketch of a journey to the northwestern parts 
of the continent of North America, during the years 1824, 5, 6, & 7.” 


A CENTURY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN MONTANA. aN 


Hooker’s Comp. to Bot. Mag. 2: 82-177. London, 1836. Contains 
many botanical notes, particularly relating to economic betany. 


Eaton, D. C. “An undescribed Heuchera from Montana.” Bot. 
Gaz. 15: 62. 1890. Describes H. Williamsu, Eaton. 


Ellis, J. B. and B. T. Galloway. “New western fungi.” Jour. 
Mycol. 5: 65-68. 1889. Describes 12 new species from Montana 
and one is given in the paper following. 


Ellis, J. B. and B. M. Everhart. “Notes on a species of Coprinus 


. from Montana.” The Microscope, 10: 129-131. Trenton, N. J., 1890. 


Description of C. sclerotigenus, E. & E. 


Ellis, J. B. and F. W. Anderson. “New species of Montana Fungi.” 
Bot. Gaz. 16: 45-49, 85-86. 1891. Describes 12 new species. 


Elrod, M. J. “A biological reconnoissance at Flathead Lake.” 
Sull. University Mont. 10: 1-182. Missoula, Ment., 1902. Pp. 126- 
129 and 147-149 are devoted to the botany of the region. 


Engelmann, George. “Plants collected during the exploration of 
the Upper Missouri by F. V. Hayden in £853.” Trans. Am. Phil. 
Soc: 12 (n s.): 182-212. Phila. 1862. An annotated list of species, 
partly from Montana. Mainly*a reprint from a similar paper by 
Hayden in Rep. Sec. War. for 1858, 2: 726-747. 


Everhart, B. M.~Sée J.B. Elis: 
Fisher, E. M. See J. M.Coulter. 


Freyn, J. “Ranunculaceae aus dem westlichen Nordamerika, ge- 
sammielt in Auftrage Dr. Dieck’s-Zoschen.” Deutsche Bot. Monats. 
8: 73-79, 176-182. Review in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 18: 98, 99. 1891. 
A number of the species mentioned are frem Montana. 


Galloway, B. T. See J. B. Ellis. 


Geyer, Chas. A. “Notes on the vegetation and general character 
of the Missouri and Oregon territories, made during a botanical 
journey from the state of Missouri, across the South Pass of the 
Rocky Mountains to the Pacific during the years 1843 and 1844. 
London Jour. Bot. 4: 479-492, 653-662, (1845); 5: 22-41, 198-208, 


285-310, 509-524 (1846). See W. J. Hooker. i 


20 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Gray, Asa. “Catalogue of the plants collected east of the Rocky 
Mountains.” Pacif. Surv. 12, Pt. 2: 40-49. Washington, LED An anno- 
tated list of species, partly from Montana. 


Griffiths, David. “Some northwestern Erysiphaceae”. Bull. Torr. 
Bot. Club, 29: 190-301. 1902. Refers to a few Montana species. 


Harris, W P. & C. W. “Lichens and Mosses of Montana.” Bull. 
Univ. Mont. 19: 308-330. 1904. An enumeration of 67 species of 
Lichens and 37 species of Mosses with 7 plates. 


Harvey, P. F. “Climate and diseases of northern Dakota and 
Montana.” Published originally in the Medical Record,. the notes 
pertaining to the botany of the region are republished in Bot. Gaz. 
4: 171, 172. 1879. Notes in the main are unimportant from the botan- 
ical standpoint. 


Havard, V. “Botanical outlines of the country marched over by 
the Seventh United States Cavalry during the summer of 1877.” 
Ann. Rep. Chief of Engineers, U. S. A., App. OQ: 1878: 1681-1687. 


Havard, V. “List of the plants found on the plains of western 
Dakota and eastern Montana during the summer of 1877 and spring 
ot, 1879.” Anm. Rep. Chief of Engineers, UU S.8\. eA DD ome eam 
1-20. Washington, 1880. Gives a general description of the region 
and a list of the species collected. 


Hayden, F. V. “Plants collected during the exploration of the 
Upper. Missouri by E.°V. Hayden “Rep, Seca Wartiors16s5c.e. 
720-747. An annotated list of species, partly from Montana, de- 
termined by, Engelmann (Trans, Amer. siPhil.0¢c.> 12:4 io2-2ug 
1862). 


Holzinger, J. M. “A new Hypnum-from Montana.” Bryologist, 
43012, *-Brooklyngn.7¥ 4° 1QOL: 


Hooker, W. J. “Catalogue of Mr. Geyer’s collection of plants 
gathered in the Upper Missouri, the Oregon Territory, and the in- 
tervening portion of the Rocky Mountains.” London Jour, Bot. 6: 
65-79, 200-256 (1847); Hooker’s Jour. Bot. 3: 287-300 (1851); 5: 
257-205 (1853); 7: 371-378 (1855); 8: 16-19 (1856).- A list of the 


species collected with notes; many new species described. 


it 


/ 
A CENTURY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN MONTANA. 21 


Kelsey, F. D. “Study of Montana Erysipheae.” Bot. Gaz. 14: 
285-288. 1889. Notes on nine species, one new. 


Kelsey, F. D. “Notes onthe Fungi of Helena, Montana.” Jour 
Mycol. 5: 80-82. 1889. A list of 74 parasitic species with their hosts. 


Kelseyan Dit FW. Anderson, Sc.D.” Bot:Gazo77 2 78-81. 1892. 
Kelsey, F. D. See F. W. Anderson. 


Leiberg, John B. “Notes on the flora of W. Dakota and E. Montana 
adjacent to the Northern Pacific Railroad.” Bot. Gaz. 9: 103-107; 
126-129. 1884. An article descriptive of the country and climate 
with many botanical notes of interest. 


Leiberg, John: B. Bitterroot’ Forest: Reserve”.. 19th Ann. Rep. 
U. S. Geol. Surv. 5: 253-282. Washington, 1899. Treatment mainly 
economic and statistical, but contains much botanical information. 


Lyall, David. “Account of the botanical collections made by 
David Lyall, Surgeon and Naturalist to the North American Bound- 
ary Commission”. Jour. Linnaean. Soc. 7: 124-144. London, 1863. 
Divides the region into “districts” and devotes considerable space to 
forestry. 


Meehan, Thos. “The plants of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 
across the continent, 1804-1806”. Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila. Jan. 1898: 
12-49. <A description of the original Lewis and Clark collection, 
determined by Robinson and Greenman, with the original labels 
and Pursh’s treatment. 


Maximilian, Alexander Philipp, Prince of Neuweid. “Reise in 
das innere Nord Amerika in dem Jahren 1832-34.” Coblenz, 1841. 
The botany by Dr. Nees von Esenbeck in the appendix contains 
many Montana species. 


Mitten, Wm. “The Bryologia of the Survey of the 49th Parallel 
of Latitude”. Jour Linnaean Soc. 8: 13-55. London, 1864. Discus- 
ses the mosses and hepatics of the Boundary Survey, part of the 
Lyall collection coming from near the Montana line; many new 
species described. 


Nees von Essenbeck, C. G. “Classification systematique des 
plantes rapportees de ce voyage sur le Missouri, disposee par M. le 


22 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


president Nees von Essenbeck a Breslau”. Being Appendix G in the 
French edition of Maxmilian’s “Travels”. Contains a general list 
of species with many new, but few localites are given and those from 
‘Montana are therefore not separable. 


Nelson, Aven. “The flora of Montana”. Bot. Gaz. 30: 61-64. 
1900. A review of Rydberg’s “Flora.” 


Newberry, J.S. “Notes on the geology and botany of the country 
bordering the Northern Pacific Railroad.’ Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 
3: 242-270. 1884. Only about a page devoted to Montana under 
the subject “Forests of the Rocky Mountains”. 


Nuttall, Thomas. “A catalogue of new and interesting plants 
collected in Upper Louisiana and principally on the river Missouri, 
North America.”. London, 1813.. Reprint’in Pittonia, 2; 116-119) 
[‘“Fraser’s Catalogue’’]. 


Nuttall, Thomas. “A catalogue of a collection of plants made 
chiefly in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains or Northern Andes, 
toward the sources of the Columbia river, by Mr. Nathaniel B. 
Wyeth, and described by T. Nuttall. Jour. Phila. Acad: Nat. Sci. 
7: 5-60. 1834. Gives a list of the plants collected with extensive 
notes and many new species, mainly from Montana. 


Parry, C.C. ‘Botanical observations in western Wyoming with 
notices of rare plants and. descriptions of new species collected on 
the route of the Northwestern Wyoming Expedition under Capt.- 
W. A. Jones.” Am. Nat. 8: 9, 102, 175, 211, and a reprint Salem, 
Mass. 1874. 25pp. Contains somewhat of the botany of this state 
adjacent to the Park. 


Porter, T. C. “List of the plants collected by Mr. T. A. Culbert- 
son on an expedition to the Mauvaises Terres and Upper Missouri 
in 1850.” Ann. Rep. Smithsonian Inst. 5: 133-136. Washington, 
1850. A list of species with localities and dates, a few being from 
Montana. | 


Porter, T. C. “Catalogue of plants collected during the expedi- 
tion to the headwaters of the Yellowstone river in 1871.” Hayden 
Surv. 1871: 477-498. Washington, 1872. An ordinal catalogue of 
species, many from Montana.. 


A CENTURY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN MONTANA. 23 


Pursh, Frederick. “Flora Americae Septentrionalis.” London, 
1814. Describes the plants collected by the Lewis and Clark Expe- 
dition, some 33 species being from Montana and atout two-thirds 
of these bc'ng new. Noteworthy as being the first species des- 
cribed from the present state of Montana. See also Thos. Meehan. 


Rose, J. N. “Notes on some western plants.’ Bot. Gaz. 15: 
63-66. 1890. Devoted largely to the Montana species of Tweedy, 
several new species being described. 


Rydberg, P. A. “Rarities from Montana.” Bull. Torr. Bot. 
Club, 24: 188-192; 243-253; 292-299. 1897. Contains many new 
species. 


Rydberg, P. A. “Caespitose willows of Arctic America and the 
Rocky Mountains”. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 257-278. _ 1899. 


Discusses a number from Montana. 


Rydberg,P. A. -“Phytogeography of Montana” (abstract). Bull, 
Torr. Bot. Club, 27: 292-294. 1900. A brief synopsis of the subject. 


Rydberg, P. A. “Catalogue of the flora of Montana and the Yel- 
lowstone National Park.” Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. I: 1-492. Igoo. 
Contains an annotated list of all the species known to the state with 
descriptions of the species not found in Coulter’s “Manual.” A 


_ large number of new species described. 


Rydberg, P. A. “Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora.” Bull. 


-Torr. Bot. Club, 27: 169-189; 528-538; 614-636 (1900); 28; 20-38; 


266-284; 499-513 (1901); 29: 145-160; 232-246; 680-693 (1902); 
30: 247-262 (1903); 31: 299-410; 631-655 (1904). Mentions many 
new species from: Montana. 


Rydberg, P. A. and C. L. Shear. “A report upon the grasses and 
forage plants of the Rocky Mountain region.” Bull. U. S Dept. 
Agr., Div. Bot. 5: 1-48. Washington, 1897. Contains many notes 
on the grasses of Montana. 


Sargent, C. S. ‘Report on the forests of North America.” roth 
Census, 9: 564-566. Washington, 1864. Includes an important 
paper on the forestry of the state, written mainly by Watson. 


Scribner, F. Lamson. “Notes on the Grasses of Montana” in 


24 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE: SCIENCE STUDIES. - 


Vasey’s “Agricultural grasses of the United’ States”, pp. 7-10 
Washington, 1884. 


Scribner, F. Lamson. “Agricultural grasses of Central Montana.” 
Proc. Soc. Prom. Agr. Sci. 4 & 5: 47-56. Newburg, N. Y., 1885. 
Also a reprint of the most important part of the paper in Beal’s 
“Grasses of North America”. 1: 87-93. Lansing (Mich.), 1887. A 
valuable paper on the grasses of the state. 


Seymour, A.B. “List of Fungi collected in 1884 along the North- 
ern Pacific Railroad.” Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 24: 182-191. 
i889. Many of the species mentioned from Montana. 


Shear. Cole ee er yd mere, 


Spragg, F. A. “Forage conditions of Central Montana.” Bull. 
Mont. Agr. Exp. Sta. 36: 1-40. 1902. A list of the species found in 
that section of the state with extensive notes and their grouping 
into plant-formations. 


Stuart, Granville. “Montana as it is.’ 175 pp. New York, 1865. 
Contains a large amount of valuable notes on the plants utilized by 
the Indians. 


Tweedy, Frank. “Flora of the Yellowstone National Park.” 78: 
pp. Washington, 1886. Includes a two-mile strip of Montana 
along the north and west boundary of the Park. An annotated list 
of species with a description of the region. 


Vasey, George. See F. W. Anderson and F. L. Scribner. 


.Warren, G. K. “Preliminary Report of explorations in Nebraska 
and Dakota, 1855-1857.” Washington, 1859. pp. 152-173. Rep. 
sec. War 1858. 2: 726-747. Reprint, Washington, 1875: 107-125. 
pee i. Ve ilayden: 


Watson, Sereno. “Report on the forests of Montana.”  t1oth 
Census, 9: 504-566. Washington, 1884. See C. S. Sargent. 


Wilcox, E. V. “Larkspur poisoning of sheep.” Bull. Mont. 
Nets xpestas 5s ZEB ToO7. 


Wilcox, E. V. “List of plants of known or suspected poisonous 


bo 
et 


A CENTURY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN MONTANA. 


properties which occur within the state” and other papers. Bull 
Mont. Agr. Exp. Sta. 22: 15-56. 1899. 


Wilcox, E. V. See V. K. Chesnut. 


Williams, R.S. “The flora of a Montana pond.” Bull. Torr. Bot. 
Club, 19: 192-194. 


Williams, R. S. “Two new species of Grimmia from Montana.” 
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 27: 316-317. 1900. Describes G. Brittoniae 
and G. tenuicaulis with plates. 


Williams, R.S. “Preliminary list of Montana mosses.” Bull N. Y. 
Bot.” Gard. 2: 351-380. 1902. A dist of the species found in the 
state with localities and extensive notes, describing three new 
species. 


Williams, T. A. “A report on the grasses and forage conditions 
of the Eastern Rocky Mountain region.” Bull. U. S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agros. 12: 1-78. Washington, 1898. Includes Eastern Montana. 


Wyeth, N. J. See T. Nuttall. 


ADDENDUM. 


V. K. Chesnut, Professor of Chemistry and Geology in Montana 
Agricultural College, did some collecting for the U. S. Dept. of Agr. 
during the summers of 1900-1904. His collections are in National 


Herbarium at Washington with diplicates at the N. Y. Bot. Gard. 


26 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL’ ABREVIATIONS OF THE-PRINCIPAL 


WORKS CITED IN THIS AND THE NEXT NUMBER. 


Agardh Syn.—Agardh, J. G., Synopsis Generis Lupini, Lundae, 1835. 

Am. Jour. SciimAmerican Journal of Science and Arts, New Haven, 
Conn., 1818—. 

Am. Nat.—The American Naturalist, Salem & Boston, Mass., 1867—. 

Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci—Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 
New York, 1876—. 

An. Rep. Chief Eng.—Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers, U. 
S. Army, Washington, D. C. 

An. Rep. Mont. Farm Inst.—Annual Report of the Montana Farm- 
ers’ Institutes, Helena, Mont., 1902—. 

An. Rep. Smith. Inst—Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institu-: 
tion, Washington, D. C. 

An. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv.—Annual Report of the United States 
Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. 

An. Sess. N. W. Woolgrowers’ Assoc.—Annual Session of the 
Northwestern Woolgrowers’ Association, (5th, Helena, Mont., 
1902). 

Bib. Ind.—Watson, S.: Bibliographical Index to North American, 
Botany, Washington, D. C., 1878. 

Bot. Gaz.—The Botanical Gazette, Crawfordsville, Ind., and Chi- 
cago, 1875—. 

Bot. Reg.—Edward’s Botanical Register, London, 1815-47. 

Bot. Calif.—Brewer & Watson, Botany of California, 2 vols. Cam- 
bridge, Mass., 1876-1880. 

Bot. Wilkes’ Exp.—United States Exploring Expedition un- 
der Charles Wilkes, vol. 17, Botany, Philadelphia, 1862-1874. 

Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.—See “Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.” 

Bryologist, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Bull. Div. Agros.—Bulletin U. S. Department of Agriculture, Divi- 
vision of Agrostology, Washington, D. C., 1895—. 

Bull. Div. Bot.—Bulletin U. S. Department of Agriculture, Division 
of Botany, Washington, D. C., 1886-1901. 


A CENTURY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN MONTANA. 27 


Bull. Mont. Agr. Exp. Sta.—Bulletin of the Montana Agricultural 
Experiment Station, Bozeman, Mont., 1894—. 


Bull. N. Y. Bot Gard.—Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden, 
New York, 1894—. 

Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.—Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, New 
York, 1876—. 

Bull. Univ. Mont.—Bulletin University of Montana, Missoula, Mon- 
tana, 1894—. : 
Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv.—Bulletin of the U. S. Geological 
and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Washington, D. C. 
Calif. Acad. Sci—California Academy of Sciences, Proceedings, 
San Francisco, Calif., 1854—. . 

Comp. Bot. Mag.—Hooker’s Companion to the Botanical Magazine, 
London, 1835-36. - 

Cont. Nat. Herb.—Contributions from the U. S. National Herbari- 
um, Washington, D. C., 1890—. 

Deutsch. Bot. Monats.—Deutsche Botanische Monatschrift, Arn- 
stadt, Germany, 1883—. 

Erythea, A Journal of Botany, Berkeley, Calif., 1893-1900. 

Flora—Rydberg, P. A., Catalogue of the Flora of Montana and the 


Yellowstone National Park. Memoirs of the New York Botanical 
Garden, Vol. 1, New York, 1900. 
Fl. Am. Sept.—Pursh, Frederick: Flora Americae Septentrionalis. 


2 vols., London, 1814. 


Fl. Bor. Am.—Hooker, W. J.: Flora Boreali-Americana. 2 vols. 
London, 1833-40. 

Fl. N. Am.—Torrey & Gray: A Flora of North America, 2 vols., 
New York, 1838-43. _ 

Fl. N. W. Am.—Howell, Thos.: Flora of Northwest America, Port- 
land, Oregon, 1903. ; 

Grasses, N. Am.—Beal, W. J.: Grasses of North America. (Vol. 2) 
New York, 1896. 

Hayden Surv.—Hayden, F. V.: Annual Report of the United States 


Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Washing- 
ton, D. C., 1868—. 


28 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


= 


Til. Fl.—Britton & Brown: An Illustrated Flora of the Northern 
U. S., Canada and the British Possessions. 3 vols. New York, 
1896-98. 

Jour. Bot.—Hooker’s Journal of Botany, London, 1869. 

Jour. Linn. Soc.—Journal of the Linnaean Society, London, 1857—. 


Jour. Mycol.—tThe Journal of Mycology, Manhattan, Kans., Wash- 
ington, D. C. and Columbus, O., 1885—. 

Jour. N. Y. Micro. Soc.—Journal of the New York Microscopical 
Society, New York, 1885—. 

Kans. Acad. Sci.—Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 
Topeka, Kan. 

Lewis & Clark Exp.—Coues, Elliott: History of the Expedition 
under the Command of Lewis & Clark, 4 vols., New York, 1893. 

Lond. Jour. Bot——London Journal of Botany, London, 1842-48. 

Man. R. M. Bot.—Coulter, J. M.: Manual of the Rocky Mountain 
Region, New York, 1885. 

Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard.—Memoirs of the New York Botanical Gar- 
den, 1900—. 

Minn. Bot. Stud.—Minnesota Botanical Studies, Geological and 
Natural History Survey of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., 1894—. 


Mon. Pot.—Rydberg, P. A.: A Monograph of the North American 
Potentilleae. Memoirs of the Department of Botany of Columbia 
University, Vol. 2., New York, 1808. 

Pac. Ry. Surv.—Reports of the Exploration and Surveys from the 
Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. 13 vols. Washington, 
D. C., 1855-1860. 


Pittonia, A series of Papers Relating to Botany and Botanists, San 
Francisco and Washington, D. C., 1887—. 


Proc. Am. Acad.—Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts 
and Sciences, Boston, 1846—. 


Proc. Acad. Phila—Proceedings of the Academy of Natural 
Sciences, Philadelphia, 1843—. 


Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.—Proceedings of the Biological Society of 
Washington, Washington, D. C., 1880—. 


Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.—Proceedings of the Boston Society of 


f 


A CENTURY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN MONTANA. 29 


Natural History, Boston, Mass., 1841. , 

Proc. Soc. Prom. Agr. Sci—Proceedings of the Society for the 
Promotion of Agricultural Science. 4th and 5th Meetings, New 
burg, N. Y., 1885. 

Rep. Com. Agr.—Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture, Wash- 
ington, D. C., 1862-1889. 

Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard.—Report of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 
St. Louis, Mo., 1890—. 

Rep. Sec. War.—Report of the Secretary of War, Washington, D. C. 

Rhodora, Boston, Mass., 1889—. 

Sllva—Sargent, C. S.: Silva of North America, 14 vols., Boston, 
I8QI-1902. 

Syn. Fl.—Gray and others: Synoptical Flora of North America, 
Washington, D. C., Cambridge, Mass., and New York, 1878—. 


~Syst.—Linnaeus: Systema Naturae. Ed. 12, 3 vols. Holmae, 1766- 


68. 
Toth Census—Sargent, C. S.: Report on. the Forests of North 
America, 2 vols., (10th Census, vol. 9). Washington, D. C. 1884. 


- Torreya—Lancaster, Pa., 1901—. 


Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.—Transactions of the American Philosophical 
Society, Philadelphia, Pa., 1769—. 

Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci.—See “Kans. Acad. Sci.” 

Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci.—Transactions of the New York Academy of 
Sciences, New York, 1876—. . 

Year Book U. S. Dept. Agr.—Year Book of the U. S. Department 
of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., 1894—. 


30 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 
INDEX. 
Adams; Robert...) isa ecg. oe x J een tiarvey, Po Fujin wet ohn eee 20 
Alderson: Mirss 0M slik ssc meets Po eS EVE: V Aur Gs on V ig tate octane ee ae 8, 20 
PAVIA Atel icen Aco cite cide Ad doie tess UNGER oe S nuGuttayadem, We rc tn Ome Oin upe amen femal 
WA Teman (Gx UN} a8 oe ere ae oa ies, nog ace ae Wel(SET GLLeT aeANS ACIS Es5 hk oe a en ee sis 
Anderson, a W..2... 010.16, 17, 19.21 (eebemsia lt. = Mines so lelicn Be) sneer eee 14 
7 att oP & COM oes Bae RNE Ie mit Sees Sec ae ATO al Kes hafe aul hae Ae ihe Ro hk SMe i A Te 10 
EBSA NW oe dau racmens vattag wanervons Meare re 2Ae 2 ae Od Sern am NUS ant neil ecient 13 
Bessey (bite Ara tee Mees siete caitele eoetates Le LEolzine err d Mei | Ake ee eee RAL, 
Blanking hips ie Wiese ae teres ee), ten: 1A SN sie LOOK CT Wile wayehe RE tions 6; 19.20, DF 
Bradibtiry eo Dt ieecten eaten eee cc toe By EEHOWial yo VV at wh.cg.0 eisee eaten eee ten 7 
Brandes Gee Ei Nceas« eos costereaicewnciane 12) ELowell yr homase << Vs see eases a vaio 27 
MBTItton MMrSm ile GA © serial bbs te AD UCT Ss le STS he ie on eee ee eae 14 
Cand ver Wises = ore Wage Suton Ce eo 9, LOALT SORES, Be Pt tae ovate! sate chet neta 14 
CarletonmsNie Acca aniattitaw as Al. 2) LT eR ONYGSA® Wie VWVieke abies eee eee 14 
(Daksa ahi! Ba VAlam KG aot See pe aR i alk 18, 25 Jones” Hxpedition, .-. 28s... 242 8,122, 
CHIGHET IS SWS seas custo Seal Si Kelseye Hee De oe ae LO sts ean 
Ghats ew Mir see alee ners ni usenete euedege es ste 1B Wennedy.. Mis. sel. Beene dere Ge als: 
COOKS) GAT eID Rita eo. coon eben seaced os 14 oaks “Peter, 2 ata ce ya neces aaa 12 
Cooperxni Gea west eee srs fe. 6; 18 ange WB Sean eee 14 
Coulter; sIiLMis eee S212 4A18, 1923. 28iiduelimans A Tt Wise ec ee eee 16 
COR ea HM Otis et eee cheers at seks 8-28 (sel bere ws: Je 7 via ey eee nee ee 10, 21 
Cowles eet Cr mt cneene ecertid ss STA oho 15 | Lewis, Meriwether, ........ Dye lnmces 
CUT DeRESOn ca, eG As. Reema. Ghaettercysts 5 6.922. | Light irs. Je (Bye aes eke eee ieee noes 
Dawsonicy Gop Wl Hecke eystrysrt gee wane cleat say [a Dag G ead Bera obeys grits Aaya aon aon rey 
Dieck kG COTrgetye cist a7 eee Sheet eK COGN HoM Barco bes Dantes Steen oy cal Clot, Le 
IDYOWSAIB Se ADA alGhn dite a aha acc e Sie ea 5S MIGINTUIt Yc cVEES emer. te een ieee eee 3 
DOW ele Site Hi ce eucpaoskopete sc aumeeas meee aves 16n| Maximilian Ay oP ee a ee ieee 52 
a bOD- DAS Cit, oe. ciseste ae a) heer ever h aoe 19 | Meehan, Thomas, .......... aH WN, Bhs: 
SG SW ES ey nets Coreen ae eete tarees eos LO? TA LOW NET EEG AW aT a. Senne caren ee 24, 
JD eor0 ata EAA boaon trees eR en at 15 we LOUENMLOOT EG. Ble Ja ‘Sen, ae ene eu see cel 
Engelmann, George.......... 591 9:2. 0) Moores Mrs, Lenniesy aaa ae a 
EVCENAT GMS IAIVES Gre, wee ehere tie tes oneal cue 190 Mullan, Bix peditionsee career ee Lae 
Fink Bruges :< forte cl Lak eee 164 Muth Mts, Bovnesos ee ee cee 13 
PindayieMirsm Gove vce csre ier, Gastar 13.| Nees von EXssenbeck, C. G., .... 5, 21 
ACCS NEES? a RcAN hey et eee eeatees LBA Nel sion AeA ecnMiae eee a, nee Laan 2, 
LD EAC W a og Gl ae De Se ds Se Ry nk Oe he df Dal GNGISOM Pe BAG swretcrn:eeinns tea eer 14 
BUS eT webs IMEC ete As ctabiparkiaiele LS cL OVENe WEG Y a Jee Oem ah cic waders TO22 
Eilociiman tdien: HIS Bcg cee eee eae 1S FeNOLeSHEIT @E Ne "0... cj: ctr ee eee ia 
Fraser st@atalogues wc. aceeraee ce: ZO ENUCC ae el niOmMials, su. eine Bb, 6. 2225 
TEV Cy TULIP ciate cal Wabseiaeete araeoe Reetees A ee Oa eerie Get Oe mene, 905: Cea 8, 22 
Galloway Ase les ne, Jos eeeetee ee NOM PR earsalla SiON + i passe eee eee eee ae 7 
Geyvere Cle A ier manhcka cus oeaers G19 20 a Ponten’ Th Ce asc nck ote ease O58) 22 
GVAVEPASO.0s0 Mee p ere nants enn. 1; 202%, 2oaveursh’s hrederick, 32 v2 Dine Owen 
Greenmmans Je oN. taeits os eelcton nie MPA ato) ophacKanoe dls peel bp “ets G\Big ss vow clon oro b 21 
Ep mbeatel obs a Pn ial hes oes Se Ae ots 420 ROS Cad gt INS cet cpr ar Acco amine eet oe 23 
FlarKise Vrss isaac ace tee 1S iRoyvdbercsws Ps Acyisi 4 022 62 3he2 4 eons 
Senay Wy. (ee te WOW AW oo Sisk 15, 20 ‘Sandberg, J. H., ....; Ae ole dis: 


A CENTURY OF BOTANICAL 


Sarcerites CarGyeiat vies 9, 23, 24, 29 
Scheuber, Mrs. EH. W., ........ ito peal: 
penlbmers) HiOLie. eva senso et: 10, 28, 24 
PESVIMOWT, Ave Bi gtes eal <!ain ao, ateeere 11, 24 
SHA War Wiel in eae atne RNosieeed O oedks 11 
leak \CreDEs Aes cgenche tcvttestons 13, 238, 24 
Snattti.” Millie: Ma recess 16 
Scare. HAAS as aera ee 15, 24 
S DELILE RM Wae. akincttetaae or erars 16 
Sula, Granville paces acide ass Prag 
Suckley, George, ..... Ts arta ae ot 7 
SWALLOW Bea Gne ee Seta ce hez a aearts 16 


st Pier oatetegenrie Mice MWe. Ve ok Hoes ae PAS 2 


31 


EXPLORATION IN MONTANA. 
ST WiSed Yue ran ke ts aclsca eo tae Sp 
(Winnie Tees MES. Bia svaitci nh savienees 
IVASCY4 GCOTEE was oy eiiore ls. < aiecates 8, 
iOS Clr ACOMes saialcard ahs sis tat anees i 
Ware, Emma J., see Mrs. E. W 
Scheuber. 

Waar CTA Gra KER tector tome stal fucka suet ote fl; 
Watson, Sereno, ........ 9: 23), 24, 
NMauhaconaeley Walse twee crea rae cecepeL cee Pras 
NN] Osx Lim Vieaemeiene eh cies 14, 18, 24, 
WTA mse Rae OcMue sea Necaer ie ite 9, 
SV NLTETINSH UCT ae AC was, ta sitetey ) exerete eo 4 Seales 
WAY. CLHN INI ihs cm cussaaerercers 5, 6, 22, 


tie 2 
ah) ee Te 
as 
See, 


ve ore" . ; aes 2 4 
FERRET ER Ae, ae 


. a's ts 
fi * Ay R P = a! 
a. i : eee 
te 1 +o 4 i 
Cs SARS SORE Ui aea yg 
"al ; ? ne ‘ x = ; 
> pif 7 7 F +s eee Pe <) te? oy. 
‘ " ‘ 37 ea f > 
‘ e408) a ee Ye 
i ars Pd 
‘ he a 7 
enw “4 = 
PN See ee ee 
% Pay oad ‘= 
‘ ri aa ‘ Ms by 
% eek s ered Sa: 7 ‘ Q . 
1 - f gs : ba . i ee B . 
ted! ; her. 2 Nn) - 4 i se SR: by F ‘ fad ™ fs 
UN aie rei rare) Gaal tk, REA eae Te ye UN Ree ae dens Tape 2 oes a ea 
’ A oy : +My =) 
2 I } Wy aa tie ys se ae * 
\ OLS  § 6, & ahs ’ ah «ey ES } Soe ye © eV eka ey 4 ae ee Lt ey 
1 Fe eae So . ‘ a “f ake per ee, Sead ht - : 
f oS was ae V wis oo F ; Pe TTS be slr s t/t e Oa Pile & ROR s 
re } - ~ = 
i é ners 
§ ie ae a. ; 


VOL. 1. FEBRUARY, 1905. NO. 2. 


MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE 


SCIENCE STUDIES. 


BOTANY. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA: 


ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 


By J. W. BLANKINSHIP, PH. D., 


PLATES I-VI. 


BOZEMAN, MONTANA. 
PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE COLLEGE, 


NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES DESCRIBED. 


Ammannia alcalina, page 87. Lupinus axillaris, p. 76. 
Arabis Kochii, p. 57. Lupinus Jonesii, p. 79. 
Arenaria lateriflora tenuicaulis, p. 51 Lupinus Rydbergii, p. 78. 
Astragalus adsurgens albifolius, p. 71 Petasites dentata, p. 102. 
Astragalus adsurgens pauperculus,p.72. Physaria macrantha, p. 60. 


Astragalus amphidoxus, p. 72. Ranunculus Flammula varians, p. 56. 
Astragalus divergens, p. 73. Ribes camporum, p. 63. 

Bupleurum purpureum, p. 89. Sagittaria arifolia tenuor, p. 40. 
Carum montanum, p. 91. Sagittaria paniculata, p. 40. 


Draba oligosperma microcarpa, p. 59. Salix Fernaldii, p. 46. 
Eriogonum ovalifolium depressum, p. 49 Saxifraga Greenei, p. 65, 


Impatiens ecalcarata, p. 84. Sedum subalpinum, p. 61. 
Linum rigidum tenerrimum, p. 85. Viola praemorsa altior, p. 83. 
Lupinus aphronorus, p. 76. Zygadenus alpinus, p. 44. 
e re 
PLATES. 


I. Saxifraga Greenei, Blankinship; p. 67. 
Impatiens ecalcarata, Blankinship; p. 67. 

Il. Astragalus divergens Blankinship; p. 75. 

Ill. Bupleurum purpureum, Blankinship; p. 90. 

IV. Carum montanum, Blankinship; p. 92. 

7. Crepis nana, Richardson; p. 105. 

VI. Sagittaria paniculata, Blankinship; p. 106. 


AVANT COURIER PRINT. 


MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Vol le Nose: BOTANY. Plates I-VI. Issued April 25, 1905. 


Application has been made for entrance as 2d class matter at Bozeman, Mont. postoffice. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA: 
: ADDITIONS ANDYCORRECTIONS. 
BY J. W. BLANKINSHIP. 


ee ae 


PREEACE. 

The botanist in the American agricultural college must treat his 
subject, both in his teaching and in his scientific research, from two 
standpoints, that of pure science and that of its economic application, 
and no successful achievement can be hoped for in the latter without a 
toundation in the larger data and wider knowledge of a more extensive 
study of the subject in its general phases.’ The basis of any accurate 
workin pure or applied botany is a good herbarium and technical li- 
brary as well as a general knowledge of the physical, agricultural and 
biological features of the region considered, and these collections 
and library are the more necessary at a point remote from other 
scientific institutions. Hence special effort has been made by the 
Montana Agricultural College to build up a good herbarium of both 
the Phanerogams and Cryptogams of the state and to secure a good 
botanical library for their more accurate study, while the greater 
part of our collections have either been named by specialists or taken 
to the Gray Herbarium or the New York Botanical Garden for iden- 
‘tification. 

Based largely upon these collections, Rydberg issued his “Cata- 
logue of the Flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park” 
(1900), the only complete enumeration of our species ever attempted, 
‘but since its publication many new species have been described from 
this state, while the extensive collections brought together in the her- 
barium of the Montana Agricultural College, including in part at 
least nearly every private collection recently made in the state, 
afford many times the number of specimens heretofore available for 
the study of the flora of this region, thus enabling a number of errors, 
due to paucity of material, to be corrected, and extending by several 
bundred the number of species indigenous to the flora of the state 
or recently introduced within its bounds. 

In the present list, with a few exceptions, no attempt has been 


36 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


made to pass upon the validity of the various new species recently 
described from this state, as the idea of the limitation of species must 
and ever will remain, in large part, a matter of individual judgment, 
dependent upon the data at hand, the experience of the botanist, and 
the relative closeness with which he desires to draw specific lines in 
the case of the many intergrading species or the larger polymorphic 
forms. The recent tendency toward the more critical study of 
species and their consequent segregation should be encouraged, as 
the basis for a better knowledge of our flora; the more critical recon- 
struction of species, based upon a wider knowledge of specific varia- 
tion and the physical and biological factors of isolation tending to 
differentiate them in their respective habitats, must be left mainly 
tc the botanist of the future, working with larger collections and aid- 
ed by the accumulated knowledge of the present explorers. Yet, 
there are certain causes of error in this recent tendency toward sep- 
aration that may easily be avoided and the most important of these 
is the failure to recognize the contluence of related species. Forms. 
intermediate in character between two other well marked species, 
are probably mere intergrades or hybrids between these species, 
particularly, if these forms be few and occur only at points of contact 
between them and such forms are neither species nor vari- 
eties, as frequently described. Then, single aberrant specimens. 
confined to one or few localities in a well-explored flora, can hardly 
be. more than evanescent’ sports, .soon « to. be --swanmip- 
ed by cross breeding, unless such variation affect the organs 
ot reproduction, or give it peculiar strength to resist untoward in- 
fluences; a “mutation” form, according to De Vries. 

On the other hand, we may be greatly aided in our judgment 
of a species by rembering that, aside from their difference of char- 
acter, upon which the botanist usually basis his judgment, there will 
also be found some factor of isolation tending to prevent the free 
intercrossing of the two species, for sexual sterility between closely 
related species appears to be far more rare than commonly supposed. 
‘This factor of isolation may be difference in range, or altitudinal dis- 
tribution, due to climatic or geographical barriers; difference in hab- 
itat, due to adaption to different physical and chemical conditions of 
growth; or it may be adaption to different methods of fertilization, 
to different times of blooming or to some peculiar habit of growth. 
Cross-sterility doubtless does exist in many cases, but can not be re- 
lied upon at all in botany as a criterion of species; it is indicated by 
an absence of these intergrading forms or hybrids and, usually, by 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA, 37 


niarked difference of character between the species. This taxono- 
nuic-ecological branch of botanical science is destined to yield much 
of interest in the future and prove of the greatest aid in systematic 
discrimination, when this critical reconstruction of species becomes 
of more inportance. 

This is the more necessary, because by far the greater number 
of species have been described from'a few fragmentary specimens, 
called the “type,’ which may perchance occur anywhere in the wide 
gamut of the variation of the species, owing to accident of dis- 
covery, and very frequently this type and description is thus far 
removed from the normal type of the species represented by the vast 
majority of the individuals composing it, while the works on system- 
atic botany continue to describe this bibliographical “type” long 
after material has accumulated for more accurate description. The 
tendency of recent authors to thus fix upon a type for their species, 
when material is at hand from which to draw a wider description, 
is unfortunate, unless they are sure the type selected fairly repre- 


~ sents the normal of the species. 


In the present paper the species I have described as new are suffi- 
ciently distinct in character to be readily recognized and there ap- 
pears to be some factor of isolation tending to differentiate them from 
the nearest related species, while the intergrading forms appear to be 
relatively few, and I have described as varieties those forms less 
distinct in character, not having any marked factor of isolation and 
with more numerous forms connecting them with the dominant 
species. 

I wish here to thank the management of the Gray Herbarium at 
Cambridge, Mass. for the facilities for comparison and bibliographical 
reference so kindly placed at my disposal in this work and the many, 
local botanists of Montana, whose contributions have materially aid- 
ed in elucidating the many knotty questions of specific variation 
and distribution. It is hoped that these studies may render possip!e 
the publication of a practical manual of the botany of the state for 
the use of the high school student and others interested in our native 
flora, as the delight of the study of our native plants is greatly marred 
and the labor vastly increased by the poor facilities for determination 
now at hand. 


38 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


CRDINAL LIST OF SPECIES NEW OR WRONGLY RE- 


FERRED TO MONTANA. 


Bad 


In the following list the genera and species are arranged alphabet- 
ically under the orders, which follow the Engler and Prantl sequence. 
Species new to the state are given in full-face type; those wrongly 
referred to Montana in /talics. | Species given on the identification 
cf some botanist other than the author have the name of that author- 
ity in parentheses after the author of the species. © The specimens. 
cited under each species are in the herbarium of Montana Agricul-. 
tural College, unless some other is given, or the localities are quoted 
from publication, and are collections made by the author, unless the 
name of some other collector is given. Species introduced in Mon- 
tana are starred (*). An index to the bibliographical references. 
will be found on pages 26-29 of the preceding number. 


CONIFER. 


Abies amabilis, Forbes; Rydberg, Flora, 12. 1 find no evidence 
that this species occurs in Montana, or in fact east of the Cascade 
Mountains in Washington and Oregon. 


Abies grandis, Lindl. White Fir; Silver Fir. Frequent in the 
forests west of the Continental Divide in Montana. 

Granite Canyon, near Missoula, Aug. 5, 1880, S. Watson (Gray 
Herb.) ; Columbia Falls, Aug. 4, 1892, R. S. Williams. See also: 
Sargent, Sylva, 12: 118; Ayres, 21st Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. 
5:41; 20th, Ann. Rep. (Geol, Surv, 5:9 248, 2855320; eiberg, 16bme 
5: 268. 


Juniperus communis Canadensis, Loud. A low upright or 
spreading juniper, 6-12 dm, high with longer (10-15 mm.) leaves than 
the prostrate alpine form (var. montana, Ait.). Apparently more 


frequent in the mountains than the smaller variety. | 
Bozeman, June, 1902, Peter Koch; Belton, July 27, 1900; Phil- 
ipsburg, Sept: 30, 1902, G. T. Bramble, and many other localities. 


Juniperus occidentalis, Hook.; Rydberg, Flora, 13. Though careful 
search has been made in nearly every part of the state, there is yet 
no evidence that it is found here. If it occurs, it will probably be 
in the mountains adjacent to Idaho in the Bitter Root region. 
Common on dry hillsides in adjacent Idaho. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA, 39 


Juniperus Virginiana, L. Red Cedar. As far as the charac- 
ters serve to distinguish, the eastern J. Vuirginiana seems to be 
fairly common in the mountainous parts of the state in the damper 
situations, as well as on the dry exposed rocks. It has the spire- . 
shaped habit, annually maturing fruit and slender, elongated branch- 
lets of that species, while the darker, blue-green, often glaucus 
color of its foliage distinguishes it at sight from the widely spread- 
ing habit and yellow-green foliage of the species common on the 
dry plains (J. scopulorum, Sargent). The fruit of the first is prevail- 
ingly ellipsoid, that of the second usually somewhat bilobed by the 
enclosed divergent seeds. Apparently intergrading forms occur. 

Bozeman, Oct. 8, 1900, E. J. S. Moore; Leonia, Sept. 14, 1900; 
Kalispell, Sept. 9, 1899; Homestake, June 22, 1902. 


Larix Lyallii, Parl. Mountain Larch. Two small areas near 
the head of the South Fork of the Flathead River and along the 
higher peaks of the Bitter Root Mountains. 21st Ann. Rep. U. 
S. Geol. Surv. 5: 41; 20th Ann. Rep. 5:248, 249, 335; 336 (Ayres). 


Piceas alba. Uink,.; «P. Canadensis, B.S. PR. Common: im “the 
forests west of the Divide. Called here “White Spruce’. 

Essex, Aue. 21, 1896, R. 9S. Willams, 1085; Kalispell,, Sept: 9, 
1899; Belton, Aug. 19, 1902; St. Ignatius, Sept. 7, 1899. 


Pinus contorta, Dougl.; Rydberg, Flora, 10. There is no evi- 
dence that the true P. contorta occurs in Montana and it is doubtful, 
if the typical form is found east of the Cascade Mountains. 


Tsuga heterophylla, Sargent; 7. Mertensiana, Carriere. Com- 
mon in the forests west of the Divide. Called here “Hemlock”. 
Columbia Falls, Oct. 27, 1894, R. S. Williams; MacDonald Lake, 
Auer sr 1802) Root OW illiamss "Belton, Aug, 19,. 1962) White 
Pine, Sept. 8, 1904. 


Tsuga Mertensiana, Sargent; T. Pattoniana, Seneclauze. Sev- 
eral smiall areas have been noted on the higher mountains west of 
the Divide. 20th Ann. Rep: U. S. Geol. Surv. 5: 355. (Bitter Root 
Mts.); 21st Ann. Rep. 5: 40 (Beaver Cr. east of McDonald Peak) ; 
Sargent, Silva, 12: 79 (Divide between Thompson and’ Little 
Bitter Root Creeks, H. B: Ayres, 1893). 


NATARIACI AL. 


Potamogeton filiformis, Pers. Gravelly Range Lake, Lewis 
& Clark Co., Aug. 1902, Owen Byrnes, No. 40. 


40 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGH SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Ruppia occidentalis, Wats. Gravelly Range Lake, Lewis & 
Clark Co., Aug. 1902, Owen Byrnes, No. 309. 


ALISMACE. 


* Sagittaria arifolia tenuor, n. var. 


Scapes equaling the rather short peduncled leaves, which have 
the median lobes narrow and acute and basal narrow and spreading. 
Phyllodia not infrequent; otherwise like the type. This might be 
mistaken for S. latifolia c of Smith, except for the short, erect beaks 
to the akenes. 

Flathead river, July 20 and 23, 1900; Flathead lake, Aug. 1897, M. 
J. Elrod; Three Forks, Aug. 24, 1903. 


Sagittaria latifolia, Willd.; Rydberg, Flora, 19. It is still doubt- 
ful if this species occurs in the state and no specimens appear yet 
to have been collected within our limits, those so referred being the 
next, which is difficult to separate from it except in mature fruit. 


Sagittaria paniculata, n. sp. 

Large, 2-6 dm. high, growing in shallow water, roots tuberous; 
leaves thick, 10-18 cm. long, ovate with spreading basal lobes, equai- 
ing the median in length, latter gradually narrowed to an acute 
apex; petioles stout, exceeding the scapes: inflorescence verticillate- 
paniculate, 3-4 lower whorls pistillate; bracts scarious, ovate-lance- 
olate, 10-20 mm. long; peduncles 5-10 mm. long; flowers 18-22 mm. 
in diameter, filaments equaling or shorter than the anthers: fruiting 
heads 10-15 mm. in diameter; akene obovate-cuneate, 2.5-3 mm. long, 
beak minute, erect or~ slightly retrorse. [PLAT# VI] 

S. arifolia, Nutt. differs from this in its smaller size (1-2 dm. 
high), smaller, thin leaves (5-10 cm. long), abruptly rounded to an 
obtuse apex with basal lobes shorter than the median, its slender 
petioles shorter than the scapes, its racemose inflorescence with 
shorter (5-10 mm.) bracts, its smaller (7-10 mm. diam.) fruiting 
heads and smaller (2 mm.) akenes. 

In general habit it approaches more nearly S. latifolia, Willd., but 
differs from it in the shorter beak to the akene and’ short filaments, 
which are similar to arifolia with which it intergrades. It is not a 
hybrid between the two, for Jatifolia is not known in this region. 

Found throughout the plains region of the state. Box Elder Cr., 
Valley Co., July 14, 1900; Three Forks, Aug. 24, 1903; Wibaux, 
Aug. 15, 1903; Miles City, Aug. 16, 1903; Bozeman, Aug. 31, 1898. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 4] 


GRAMINEZ:. 
Andropogon provincialis, Lam. In swales anl lowlands in the 
extreme eastern part of the state. 
Wibaux, Atg.°15; 1903; Upper Little Big rece River, Jule 53; 
1890; Crow Agency, July 14, 1901; Miles city, Aug. 16, 1903. 


Aristida fasciculata Hookeri, Trin. & Rupr. 
Beal, Grasses of N. Am. 2:207. “Montana, Scribner, 83.” 


Aristida longiseta robusta, Merrill. 
Square Butte, Meagher Co., July, 16, 1901, F. A. Spragg; No. 422. 


Bouteloua curtipendula, Torr. Swales and lowlands in the 
extreme eastern part of the state. 
Arden, July 15, 1900; Wibaux, Aug. 15, 1903; Big Horn River, 
Aug. 10, 1890; Forsyth, July 24, Igor. 
Bromus Aleutensis, Trin. Rydberg, Flora, 61. Not four in 
Montana. See B. marginatus below. 


Bromis inermis, L. Smooth Brome Grass. Now generally 
cultivated in the state and often escaped. 
East Helena, 1904, W. Passavant; Bozeman, 1902. 


Bromus marginatus, Nees. B. Aleutensis, Rydb., Flora, 6r. 
Common in mountain meadows. Shear, BullNoe, 23-Dive Across, 
Uo Depts Agr esa 

Bromus marginatus latior, Shear, |. c., p. 55 with references 


) 


under “Wyoming”. 
Bromus marginatus seminundus, Shear, |. c. with references. 


Bromus polyanthus, Scribn., Bull. Div. Agros., U. S. Dept. Agr. 
23:56 with references. 


Bromus Richardsoni pallidus, Shear, |. c. 34. 


*Bromus tectorum, L. Not infrequent as a weed by roadsides 
and in waste places. 

Missoula, Aug. ’98, H. C. B. Colvill; Columbia Falls, Sept. 9, 1899. 

Bromus vulgaris, Shear, l. c. 44. 

*Bulbilis dactyloides, Raf. Becoming established in the low 
plains eastward and called the “Little Buffalo Grass” to distinguish 
it from the “Buffalo Grass” (Boutelowa oligostachya, Torr.). Intro- 
duced from eastward. 

Wibaux, July 9, 1901; Forsyth, July 24, 1901; Miles City, Aug. 
16, 1903. 


42 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


*Cenchrus tribuloides, L. 
Columbia Falls, Mrs. J. J. Kennedy. Doubtless introduced. 


Elymus Virginicus submuticus, Hook. —(F. L. Scribner). 
Bozeman, Aug. 11, 1898. In low thickets. 


Hordeum caespitosum, Scribn. In wet places, common. 
Bozeman, Aug. 11,°1898; Denton, July 19, 1901, F.-A‘ Sptage. 


Hordeum pusillum, Nutt. 

Forsyth, June 29, 1898; Great Falls, July 9, 1891, R. 5. Williams; 
Billings, June 1898, F. W. Traphagen; Arrow Cr.,- Meagher Co., 
July 4) 1968, BoAY Spragg: 

*Panicum nitidum, Lam. Columbia Falls, Mrs. J. J. Kennedy. 

*Panicum sanguinale, L. ‘“‘Crab-grass.”’ Sparingly introduced. 

Bozeman, Sept. 25, 1900. In.lawns. 

Panicum virgatum, L. <A form found in the extreme eastern 
part of the state differs from the typical eastern form in its small 
size (3-5 dm.), shorter leaves (to cm.), shorter panicle (3-12 cm.) 
and shorter divisions of the panicle, but is probably only a depau- 
perate form here at its extreme range westward. 

Wibaux Auge rp gees) Miles 2C@ity,. ohio. 10, a 1004 eee 
similar form also in North Dakota. 

*Poa annua, L. In dooryards and waste places, infrequent. 

Bozeman, 1902; Lake McDonald, Sept. 1, 1903; St. Ignatius, 
Sept. 7, 1899. 

Poa lepticoma, Bong. —(F. L. Scribner). 

Mystic Lake; July 27, 1898. 

Poa Montanensis, S. & W. —(F. L. Scribner). 

Bozeman, July 1, 1898. 

Poa nemoralis glauca, Beal, Grasses of N. Am. 2: 553. 

“Montana, Williams.” 

Poa Pattersoni, Vasey. —(F. L. Scribner). 

Lava Peak; “Mystic Wake, Aug, 1/1808: 

*Setaria verticillata, Beauv. Wibaux, Aug. 16, 1903. 

Sitanion rigidum, J. G. S. 

Sadare: Butte, Fergus'Co., July 15, 1901; FE. AswSpraee: Waylor 
Péak, eros Cov, eitig- ai) 1007, “eA optare: 

Trisetum canescens, Buckl. 

Mountains near Columbia Falls, July 17, 1892, R. S. Williams. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 43 


CYPERACGCEAR: 


Carex arcta, Boott. —(M. L. Fernald). Low meadows, 
Dig ork, ciue..15, 1901, 1. Me Umbach} 220. (or): 


Carex canescens subloliacea, Laestad. —(M. L. Fernald). 
Along sloughs, Lake McDonald, Aug. 20, 1901, L. M. Umbach, 
324 (’O1). 
Carex limosa, L. —(M. L. Fernald). 
Sloughs, Lake McDonald, Aug. 20, 1901, L. M. Umbach, 298.(’o1). 


Carex retrorsa, Scwein. —(M. L. Fernald). 
Bio Pork vAdie.-9, 190, 1. MM: Umbach, 11 Cor). 


Cyperus erythrorhizos, Muhl. Columbia Falls, Irene M. Ken- 
nedy, (1899?). ' 

Eleocharis palustris glaucescens, Gray. Bozeman, July 2, 1898. 
A small, slender form with smaller akenes. Ours appear to have 


the mature akenes sulphur yellow, instead of brown and the tuber- 
cles more acute. 


Eleocharis palustris vigens, Bailey, Jour. N. Y. Mic. Soc. 5: 
104. “Culm stout, thick, very spongy, constricted at the summit, 
nearly as thick as the ovate spike’, which is nearly always pale, 
not deeply colored as in the type. Savoy, July 18, 1900. A rather 


. low form. 


Eriophorum russeolum, Fries. In bogs about mountain ponds 
and lakes. 
Columbia Falls, Aug. 20, 1896, R. S, Williams, 1063; Summit, 
Julye25; 1004; (K.-S. Williams; Lake McDonald, ‘Aug. 30, .1603, LL. 
M. Umbach. 


Scirpus atrovirens pallidus, Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 9:14, 
Miles; City, Auger 16, ‘1903. 


Scirpus fluviatilis, Gray. Common in sloughs along the Mis- 
souri in Valley Co. Box Elder Cr., July 14, 1901. 


(Scirpus Nevadensis, Wats.). Found north and south of Mon- 
tana and should occur in this state. 


Scirpus rubrotinctus, Fernald, Rhodora, 2:20. Bozeman, July 
714.1898; Mt. Bridger, Aug. 1903, Mrs. H. F. Henshall. Mest of 
the S. microcarpus, Britton in Montana belongs here, though the 
true S. microcarpus has been found both north and south of this state 
and doubtless occurs here also. 


a 


44 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


\ 


Scirpus rubrotinctus confertus, Fernald, Rhodora, 2: 2t. 
GON. Ryj eton Co. Auer 27, £807reic eo. WV eins 


Scirpus Torreyi, Olney. Has light-brown or greenish-yellox, 
triquetrous akenes; otherwise resembling S. Americanus, Pers. Com- 
mon in wet alkali places throughout the plains region eastward. 

: Billings, Aug. 16, 1903; Townsend, Aug. 12, 1899; Miles. City, 
Aug. 16, 1903; Malta, June 9, 1901; Steele, Aug. 24, 1901; Custer 
Station, Aug..24, 1800, 


a To AS ee 


Smilax ecirrhata, Wats.? Box Elder Cr. near Calais, July 14, 
1900, in coulee thickets with S. herbacea and may possibly be cnly 
cepauperate forms of that species, though it has the typical rounded, 
5-veined, cuspidate leaf of ecirrhata, which is found in the parts of 
North Dakota adjacent. Only infertile specimens collected. 


Smilax herbacea, L. Found with the last; its ultimate range 
westward. 


Tofieldia intermedia, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 27:528. 
Segregated from T. glutinosa, Hook, and includes all the Montana 
specimens. 


Veratrum speciosum, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 27: 531. 
Segregated from V.Californicum, Durand and includes al! the 
Montana specimens. 


Xerophyllum tenax, Nutt. See Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 
27: 529. Apparently confined to the Flathead region of the state, 
as 
is found in the higher mountains over the western part of the state. 
Columbia Falls, June ‘14, 1894, R. S. Williams; Belton, July 27, 
1900, common. 


Zygadenus alpinus, n. sp. 


Small, 114-2 dm. high, subacaulescent with one or two scarious, 
linear bracts, lowest sometimes leaf-like: leaves short (6-12 cm.) and 
narrow (2-4 mm.) : raceme 4-6 flowered: bracts ovate, scarious, acute, 
purple-lined, as long as, or half shorter than the peduncle: perianth 
segments cream-colored, ovate, obtuse, clawed, about 6 mm. long; 
gland obcordate and sharply defined: ovary adherent only at the 
very base, 1 cm. long and 4 mm. wide, styles about 3 mm. long. 

Related to Z. clegans, Pursh, but smaller in all its parts, nearly 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 45 


acaulescent and fewer flowered, while it grows only in alpine and 


subalpine situations. It also grows isolated, while elegans in the 
lower valleys is found mainly in clumps.. It appears to be the 
northern counterpart of Z. Coloradoensis, Rydberg, from which it 
differs in its smaller size, wider and shorter bracts, different perianth 
segments and smaller and narrower capsule. It appears to inter- 
erade with Z. elegans at intermediate situations, but its easily recog- 
nized characters and different altitude clearly separate it here. 
Spanish Peaks, gooo ft., July 20, 1901, Jacob Vogel; Sperry Gla- 

cier, 8000 ft., Sept. 1, 1903; Head of Cottonwood Cr., Tobacco Root 
Range, 0000: ft}, Aug. 10, 1902. 

Zygadenus gramineus, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 27: 535. 
A segregate with the next from Z. venenosus, Wats. 

Zygadenus intermedius, Rydberg, l.c. A segregate from the 
next. 


Zygadenus venenosus, Wats. All the Montana specimens of 
this species have been separated under the two species last men- 
tioned above. 


ORCHIDACE AL 


Corallorhiza striata, Lindl. 
Columbia Falls, June 21, 1894, R. S. Williams, 1033; Hall’s Peak, 


"Mission Mts., June 20, 1902, M. J. Elrod; Garnet, June 15, 1901, Mrs. 


E. W. Scheuber. 

Habenaria multiflora, (Rydb.); Piperia muiltiflora, Rydberg. 
Bully Tore. Bot, “Club, 28: 638: A segregate tirom H.. elegans, 
Boland. 


SALLCA CE As. 

Populus acuminata, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 26:46, 
Leayes ovate-acuminate; petioles 3-6 cm. long: lateral nerves about 
8. Owing to the frequent intergrading of the spécies of Populus 
and.the intermediate characters of this species between deltoides and 
angustifolia and a related intergrade of balsamifera and angustifolia, 
it is doubtful if this be more than a hybrid and further study 


is necessary to decide. : 


Yellowstone, 1878, V. Havard (Gray Herb.); Big Horn Mts., 
Aug., 1859, F. V. Hayden (Gray Herb.); Big Timber, July 13, rgor. 


46 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Populus balsamifera. candicans, Coulter, Man. R. M. Bot. 339, 
and others as to the Rocky Mountain species. P. candicans, Aiton 
is found in the United States only in cultivation or localities adja- 
cent, to which it has escaped. The true P. balsamuifera, L. has a 
somewhat smaller but similar leaf, quite glabrous beneath, and is 
¢ommon in the mountains from 4000 to 6000 ft. altitude. The “lance- 
leaf” cottonwood, often mistaken for balsamifera, is a hybrid between 
balsamifera and angustifolia and is found only where the other two 
species occur. P. angustifolia, James occupies a somewhat lower al- 
titude along the eastern side of the Continental Divide intergrading 
above with balsamifera and below with deltoides. 


Populus trichocarpa, Hook. This is the common cottonwood 
west of the Divide. The leaves are very similar to those of P. bal- 
samifera and hence the two have been confused in this. state, but 
the fruit is woolly, instead of glabrous, like the latter. In 
the typical trichecarpa the leaves are thicker, the veins more salient 
beneath and the apex more acuminate than in balsamifera, while 
they are conspicuously yellow or brownish white beneath, instead 
of greenish white, as in the latter. Along the Clark’s Fork and its 
tributaries P. trichocarfa is frequent in the valley lands and is a tree 
of noble proportions with a straight trunk, branched mainly near the 
top and with thick, deeply furrowed, whitish bark. 

Missoula, July 31, 1903; Libby Creek, July 26, 1900; Columbia 
Falls, July 20, 1901; Flathead Lake, July 23, 1900; Saltese, Aug. 9, 
igo1; Troy, July 25, 1900; Belton, July 27, 1900; St. Ignatius, Sept. 
7, 1899; Deer Lodge, Sept. 5, 1899. 


Salix Barrattiana Tweedyi, Bebb. —(W. W. Rowlee). 
Spanish Peaks, July 20, 1901, Jacob Vogel. 
Salix bella, Piper, Bull.” Forr) Bot? Club) 272,300, = —-(Ga_ ve 


Piper). Columbia Falls, May 25, 1893, R. S. Williams, 972. This was 
seferred to S. Sitchensis, Samson by Rydberg (Flora, 472), but this 
and several other species have since been separated from it. 


Salix exigua, Nutt. —(W. W. Rowlee). Separated from S. 
Jongifolia, Muhl. Bozeman, June 26, 1899; Garrison, Sept. 4, 1899. 


Salix exigua virens, Rowlee, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 27:255." 


Salix Fernaldii, n. sp. 


Leaves elliptical, rarely ovate, rounded at apex and_ hase, 
guinetimes, acute at' apex, 4 .cm. long = “by. ‘two’. wide; 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. % 47 


glabrous and scarcely impressed-reticulate above, sericeous- 
and veins prominent beneath, often nearly glabrate in age; peti- 
oles 1-3 mm. long: aments 2-3 cm. long: capsules short avoid, 2-3 
mm. long, sessile. A low, procumbent shrub, 3-9 dm. high in al- 
pine and subalpine situations in the Rocky Mountains from Mon- 
tana northward. 

Hitherto confused with S. vestita, Pursh, from which it differs in 
its thinner, narrower, rounded or pointed leaves, which are less ret- 
iculate above and less silky pubescent below; its longer aments and 
smaller capsules, as well as by its difference in range. S. vestiia, 
Purskh is separated from this by its thicker, broader, retuse leaves, 
prominently impressed reticulate above and villous sericeous below, 
its shorter aments and larger (4-6 mm. ), more acuminate capsules, 
while its range appears to be restricted mainly to Quebec and Lab- 
vador. Named for M: Li Fernald of the Gray Herbarium, who 
first called attention to this Rocky Mountain species. 

Stanton Lake, 7500 ft., Aug. 7, 1894, R. S. Williams, No. 1031; 
Single-shot Mountain, Teton Co., 7000 ft., July 4, 1897, R. S. Wil- 
liams and three other localities in the state quoted by Rydberg 
(FI. 112) unider’-S. vestita. 


Salix flava, Rydberg, Bull. Torr.: Bot. Club, 28: 273. .Near 
S:. lutea, Nutt. “Boulder River, 1888, F. Tweedy, 63”. 


Salix lasiandra, Benth. —(W. W. Rowlee). 4 small or 
medium sized tree with rough grayish bark, but trunk very smooth 
and straight when young. Mountain canyons mainly. 


Belgrade, May 31, 1901; Garrison, Sept. 4, 1899; Bridger Canyon, 


' May 15, 1901; Spring Hill; May 20, 1901,'W. W. Jones. 


Salix lasiandra caudata, Sudw. Bille LOrte sot, GAlitb.020 ~ 42. 
(W. W. Rowlee). Columbia Falls, May 27, 1897 and Oct. 3, 1893, 
Rk. S. Williams, 974. 


Salix lasiandra Lyallii, Sargent. 
‘Thomson; Falls,” Holzinger,’Cont. U.S: Nat. Herls. 4:23. 


Salix padophylla, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 28:499.  S. 
fadifolia, Rydberg 1. c. 28: 272. Nearest S. Mackensiana, Barratt. 
“to miles east of Monida, 1899, A, & E. Nelson, 5427.” 


Salix perrostrata, Rydberg. —(W. W. Rowlee). Not hither- 

to found west of the Black Hilis. Here a shrub 6-10 feet high. 
Bozeman, May 6, 1901, W. W. Jones; St. Mary’s Lakes, July 5, 
i897, R. S. Williams; Square Butte, Fergus Co., July 16, 1907, F. 


48 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


A. Spragg; Bridger Canon, June 26, 1899; Lower Basin of the Gal- 
latin, July 8, 1898; Highwood Canon, June 22, 1888, R. S. Williams, 
802; Columbia Falls, May 27, 1893, R. S. Williams. 


Salix Sitchensis, Rydberg, Flora, 472. In the splitting of this 
species all the Montana specimens referred to it come under S. 
bella, Piper. 


Salix subcerulea, Piper, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 27:400. (W. W. 
Rowlee). This seems to be the extreme range of-the species east- 
ward bringing it nearly to the Continental Divide. 

Columbia Falls, June, 24, 1894, R. S. Williams; same June 5, 1893. 


Salix vestita, Rydberg, Flora, 112, and all other authors, as to the 
species of the Rocky Mountains, is S. Fernald above. 


Salix Wolfli, Bebb. —(W. W. Rowlee). 
Near Cold Spring, Teton Co., July 16, 1897, R.. 5S. Williams. 


CUR WL li Rae 


Betula occidentalis, Hook. See Fernald; Am. Jour. Sei 14: 
167-194. If the brown-barked canoe birch of the Northwest he 
separated trom the white-barked B. papyrifera, Marsh., as suggested 
by several recent botanists, then this must bear the name of B. 
secidentalis, Hook. and the small tree common in the mountain 
celions of the state hitherto bearing that narre will be saewn as 
B. microphylla, Bunge, (B fontinalis, Sargent). — B. occidentalis, 
Hook. is not infrequent in the forests at Columbia Falls, Belton, 
White Pine and other localities in the western part of the state 
and though they look very different and are distinguished by the 
lumbermen, it is not yet certain that the two species are distinct. 


Quercus macrocarpa depressa, Engelm. “Scrub Oak’. 9 Sar- 
gent (roth Census. 9: 140) says, “West to the eastern foothills of 
the Rocky Mountains of Montana”, but no specimens seem to have 
been collected in the state and diligent search down the Missouri 
and Yellowstone to Ft. Buford has failed to reveal it. It certainly 
occurs on the Little Missouri in North Dakota and it probably is 
found on that stream as it crosses the extreme southeastern corner of 
the state, as has been reported by various parties acquainted with 
that section. It should be looked for in the coulee thickets back 
from that river. 


\ 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA, 49 


UR PICACE A: 


Ulmus Americana, L. “White Elm.” . Frequent in the bottoms 
and coulee thickets along the Missouri River from Box Elder Cr. 
near Calais and eastward. Forms deep forests in the bottoms at 
Arden and is often of large size. Grown for shade in many parts of 
the state, but rarely hardy above 3000 feet. 

*Urtica dioica, L. Leonia, Sept. 16, 1900; Libby, July 26, 1900. 


POLY GONACE/. 
Eriogonum brevicaule, Nutt. Custer Station, June 30, 1890. 


Eriogonum ovalifolium depressum, n. var. 

Leaves 5 mm: long; peduncles 2-4 cm. high; heads single on the 
peduncle, small and few-flowered: involucres 2 mm. long, 5-flow- 
ered: pedicels 2 mm. long: sepals 114-2 mm. long, white or pur- 
plish tinged., while in the species these characters are at least twice 
as large and the involucres about 20-flowered. In dense, caespi- 
tose, hemispherical clusters on dry decomposed rocks at about 10,000 
feet altitude. 

Doubtfully more than an alpine variety of the species, as connect- 
ing forms seem frequent in collections and the characters are alike 
except in size. 

Black Butte, Tobacco Root.Range, Aug. 11, 1902; Old Hollowtop, 
July 9, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 5338; Nyack, Aug. 25, 1902, M. J. 
Elrod; the last two collections not so characteristic as the first. 


Polygonum acre, HBK. Flathead Lake, Aug. 1897, M. J. Elrod, 
200. Rare here, 


*Polygonum aviculare, L. Yard Grass; Goose Grass. The 
typical form with narrow acute leaves seems to be frequent in 
moister localities west of the Divide, but replaced eastward by 
P. littorale, Link. A common weed in dooryards and by roadsides. 

Columbia Falls, July 20, 1900; Missoula, Sept. 6, 1899; Thompson 
Falls, Aug. 6, 1901. 

*Polygonum erectum, L. A common weed in many localities 
in the eastern part of the state. Often prostrate in hard dry ground. 
Malta, Sept. 9, 1900; Wibaux, July 9, 1901; Big Timber, July 13, 
1901; Calais, July 14, I9goo. 

Polygonum jejunum, Greene, Pittonia, 5: 1098. 

“Spanish Peaks, Madison Range, July 14, 1896, J. H. Flodman, 
No. 368; Indian Creek, 1897. Rydberg & Bessey, No. 5357.” 


50 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES, 


Polygonum prolificum, Robinson, Rhodora, 4: 68. In alkali 
places. Lake Bowdoin near Malta, Aug. 25, 1903. 


Rumex confinis, Greene, Pittonia, 4: 306. —(Wm. Trelease). 
One of the segregates of R. occidentalis, Wats., differing from the true 
occidentalis in being a much larger plant with larger leaves and much 
larger fruit valves. Noted in but one locality in the state, growing 
in ditches by the railway and may have been introduced from west- 
ward, where it is more common. 

Libby Creek, Flathead Co., July 6, Igoo. 
a 


CHENOPODIACE2 
Endolepis ovata, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 30: 248. 
Separated from E. Suckleyana, Torr. “Glendive, 1892, J. H. Sandberg.” 


AMARANTACE-. 
*Amaranthus chlorostachys, Willd. A weed introduced from 
westward. _ Columbia Falls, Sept. 9, 1899; Troy, July 25, 1goo. 


NYTAGINACEZE. 


Abronia nudata, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 29: 683. 
“Colgate near Glendive, 1892, Sandberg, MacDougal & Heller, 1016.” 


Allionia nyctaginea, Michx. In cultivated ground appara 
introduced. Calais, July 14, 1900; Wibaux, July 9, Igol. 


PORTULACAU BAG 


Claytonia multicaulis, A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 27:259; 
C. Virginia, Rydberg, Flora, 138, and other authors as to the Rocky 
Mountain species. This species differs from C. Virginica, L. in its 
somewhat wider, sessile cauline leaves, white petals with a yellow 
base within and anthers pink. Nelson describes it fairly well, ex- 
cept the cauline leaves are not rarely above or below the middle of 
the stem and the petals are not “white with pinkish or purplish 
veins”. The inflorescence is more racemiform than in C. lanceo- 
lata, Pursh and peduncles are nodding before and after anthesis. 
Common in the mountain valleys from 4 to 7000 feet altitude and 
intergrading above with C. lanceolata, Pursh (7-9g000 feet). If this 
prove distinct from Nelson’s C. multicaulis, it may be catled 
Cluyiona tricolor. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 51 


Claytonia Virginica, L., as to Montana specimens, is C. muilti- 
yaulis, Nels. 


Lewisia triphylla, Robinson, Syn., Flora, 1:269. Occurs in 
alpine situations, resembling a small form of Claytonia multicaulis. 
The localities below greatly extend its range eastward. 

Granite Range, Carbon Co., Aug. 1899, 11,500 ft., Peter Koch; 
Lake Plateau, Carbon Co., Aug. 1899, 9000 ft., Peter Koch. , 


Montia perfoliata, Howell. All the specimens quoted by Ryd- 
berg (Flora, 139) seem good M. parviflora, Howell, which is separat- 
ed from perfoliata by its smaller sepals, petals and seeds; the latter 
species does'not occur east of the Divide and is rare in damp, shady 
places west of it. 

Plains, June 6, 1902; -Thompson Falls, June 7, 1902. 


*Portulaca oleracea, L. A rare weed in gardens. 
Craig, July 29, 1900; Bozeman, Aug. 18, 1898; Glendive, July 9, 
1gOl. ; 


GHRY OPEV LUEACH AL. 


Arenaria capillaris formosa, Regel. Alpine and subalpine sit- 
Matos iat-top WMith., Léton Co:, 7000 ft. July 5; 1807, R.. dS. 
Williams; Sperry Glacier Camp, 6000 ft., Sept. 1, 1903. 


Arenaria congesta, Nutt. In alpine and subalpine situations. 
Mt. Bridger, 9000 it., July 3, 1900; Mt. Hyalite, 10,000 ft., Aug. 1, 
1902; Monida, 7000 ft., June 26, 1902. 


Arenaria lateriflora tenuicaulis, n. var. 

Like the type except in its capillary, spreading stem with longer 
internodes and its linear-lanceolate or linear oblong acute leaves 
with usually sparser pubescence. 

Swan Lake, near Big Fork, Mont., July 6, 1902, Walter Lehman, 
154, and I would include the nearly glabrate form from Peel’s Riv- 
er near the mouth of the Mackenzie, N. W. T., Miss E. Taylor, in- 
stead of placing it with the variety glabrescens, Robinson (Syn. Flora, 
1: 238). Apparently an arctic and subalpine variety, rare in Montana. 


Arenaria verna, L. ‘The typical glabrous form. 

St. Mary’s Lake, July 4, 1897, R. S. Williams; Single-shot Mts. 
Teton Co., 7000 ft., July 4, 1897, R. S. Williams; Forks of Cut-bank 
Cr., July 27, 1897; R. S. Williams; Divide Mtn., Teton Co:, July 16, 


oO 
bo 


MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


1897, R. S. Williams; Mt. Henry, Midvale, 7500 ft., July 16, 1903, 
L.oM> Umbach, 105: . 


Cerastium arvense angustifolium, Fenzl. A form with rigid 
narrow, fascicled leaves collected by IF. A. Spragg, near Lewistown, 
July 26, 1901, seems best referable here. 


Cerastium arvense oblongifolium, Hollick & Britton, Bull. Torr. 
Bot, Club, 14: 47, t/632/-Montana, Scribner poyn, Ploray1-i23o: 


*Cerastium vulgatum, L. A weed common in many places west 
of the Divide. Kalispell, July 21, 1900; Troy, July 25, 1900; Col- 
imbia Falls, July 20, 1900. Borax, Wuyist I1, 1901; Thompsom 
Iwis, August 8, :901. 

Lychnis montana, Wats. In alpine and subalpine situations. 
Horsefly Pass, Crazy Mts., 8200 ft., July 20, 1902; Mt. Hyalite, Io,- 
(0041) AMOI 1007, 

Sagina nivalis, Fries. Found near melting snow at Maynard’s 
Camp, head of Cottonwood Cr., Tobacco Root Range, gooo ft... 
Aue LTO; 1902. 

Silene Antirrhina vaccarifolia, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 
37:407. “Big’ Horn ‘River, 1891, Fy Tweedy. - 

Silene Douglasii viscida, Robinson. Camp below Speri:y Glaci- 
er, 6140 ft., Sept. 1, 1903; Black Butte, Tobacco Root Range, 10,- 
ooo ft., Aug. 11, 1902; Cut-bank Canyon, Teton Co., July 27, 1897, 
Kk. S. Walliams; Head of Butcher-knife Cr., Little Belt Mts., 7800 
ftyoANS. 14, Too, Paws Sprape cos: 

*Silene noctiflora, L. An occasional weed in gardens and 
waste places. Bozeman, 1808, 1904. 

Silene Suksdorfii, Robinson. Black Butte , Tobacco Root 
Range; 10,000 it., Aug. 11, 1902. 

*Spergula arvensis, L. A weed in grain fields, rare. Bozeman, 
July, 1808. 

Spergularia salina, J]. & C. Presl. Common in alkali flats, Bow- 
doin Lake, Malta, Aug. 25, 1903; Billings, June 30, 1903. 

Stellaria borealis, Bigelow. Plains, June 6, 1902; Middle Cr. 
Canyon, July 30, 1902. The variety corallina, Fenzl. seems far more 
common than the type in this state. 


*Stellaria graminea, L. A weed which should be found fre- 
quently in door yards and waste places. Helena, E. N. Brandegee. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA, 53 


*Stellaria media, Cyrill. Not infrequent as a weed in door- 
yards and lawns in the larger towns. Plains, Aug. 7, 1901; Helena, 
Aug. 12, 1898, E. N. Brandegee; Bozeman, Aug. 18, 1808. 


RANUNCULACEZ. 


Anemone Canadensis, L. In low woodlands along the Missouri 
River. Culbertson, July 11, 1904, and region adjacent. 


Anemone Drummondii, Wats.? “Rocky Mts. Summits at 8000 
ft. Lat. 49 degrees N.” Dr. Lyall, 1861 in Gray Herb. I am inclined 
to refer this specimen to A. Tetonensis, Porter, as in my opinion this 
and all other specimens of Drummondu from the Rocky Mountains 
are the former species. The two appear to intergrade westward, but 
Drummondi is properly a species of the Coast Range and southward. 


Anemone lithophylla, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 29: 152. 
“Little Belt Mountains 9 miles from Barker, ‘1896, J. H. Flodman, 
459.” 


Anemone globosa, Nutt. is A. multifida, Poir. I am unable to | 
see that the Montana form of this species differs essentially in pube- 
scence or other character from the South American forms of the 
type, so that Nuttall’s globosa seems quite untenable, even as a 
variety. ; 


Aquilegia formosa, Rydberg, Flora, 155. All the specimens 
from Montana referred to this are probably the red-sepaled form of 
A. flavescens, Wats., which is common in the mountains along with 
the form with yellow sepals; its long curved spurs and yellow or 
pinkish sepals separate it from formosa with straight spurs and deep 
carmine red or scarlet sepals. The latter species appears not to be 
within our limits. 


Clematis Scottii, Porter (Rydberg, Flora, 160) is C. Wyethii,, Nutt. 
below. 


Clematis Wyethii, Nutt., Jour. Acad. Phila. 7: 6. Rydberg 
says it is “common in Montana.” (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 29:155), 
but it is not commonly separated from Douglasii and is doubtfully 
distinct. 


Delphinium bicolor Montanense, Rydberg, Flora, 157. Is not 
“glandular pilose,” but viscid pubescent and is in part at least the 
early spring form of D. Menziesii, DC., and in part apparently an in- 
tergrade between D. bicolor, Nutt. and Mensiesii, both of which are 


54 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES, 


common in the state and appear to intergrade in many localities. A 
subalpine form of Menzicsit, erowing in loose limestone shingle on 
Mt. Bridger (8500 ft.), has long ligneous roots like bicolor, but other- 
wise agrees well with Menzies. 

Delphinium diversicolor, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 29 :149. 
“Rattlesnake Creek, Beaverhead Co., 1887, F. Tweedy, 34.” 


Delphinium elongatum, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 29:148. 
Nearest D. glaucum, Wats. “Lima, 1895, Rydberg.” 


Delphinium — glaucescens, Rydberg and var. mutiticaule, Ryd- 


beng, » Hlofay 157: These appear) too be’ *a “form “of Daioce- 
dentale, Wats. (D. — scopulorum  subalpinum, Gray), tending 
apparently toward D. — scopuloriwm, Gray in its small 


flowers, pubescent ovaries and more dissected leaves. D. occidentale, 
\Wats. is not “glandular,” but viscid pubescent along the inflores- 
cence and Nelson’s form of subalpinwm differs from Watson's type 
of occidentale, chiefly in the smaller size and larger, deep-blue sepals, 
Watson’s type of occidentale being a larger, branching plant with 
paler flowers, evidently tending toward D. glaucum, Wats. None of 
the specimens under the variety subalpinwn in the Gray Herbarium 
have glandular pubescence. 


Delphinium Nuttallii, Gray. In alpine and subalpine situations. 
Camp below Sperry Glacier, 6000 ft., Sept. 1, 1903; Little St. Mary's 
Lakes, Sept. 1, 1903, L. M. Umbach; Hall’s Peak, Mission Range, 
July 20, ig02, M. J. Elrod; Plains, June 6, 1902. 


Delphinium occidentale, Wats. See D. glaucescens, Rydberg 
above. 


Delphinium pauciflorum, Nutt. Common on dry wooded upland , 
benches along the lower Clark’s Fork. Plains and Thompson 
Falls, June 27, 1902. 


Delphinium pauciflorum depauperatum, Gray. In alpine situ- 
ations. Mary Baker Lake, Sperry Glacier, 8000 ft., Aug. 22, 1901, 
L. M. Umbach. I am inclined to regard this as a variety of D. Nut- 
fallii, Gray, as it more nearly approaches it in habitat and will proba-_ 
bly be found to intergrade with it. In this state, at least, D. pauct- 
florum, Nutt. is a species of the lower forests westward and appar- 
ently occurs nowhere in this immediate vicinity, yet in the finely dis- 
sected leaves and small follicles the variety more nearly resembles 
pauciflorum with which it has been placed. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 55, 


Myosurus apetalus, Gray. In the bed of a dry-pond. Gardiner, 
July 4, 1899. 

Ranunculus acriformis, Gray. Monida, June 26, 1902; Coppero- 
polis, Meagher Co., July 23, 1902; Sunset, June 17,1896, Mrs E. 
W. Scheuber. 


Ranunculus alpeophilus, A. Nelson is R. mamoenus, Greene. Ryd- 
berg (Flora, 164) seems to have taken a form near his own stzvicola 
for Nelson’s species. : 


Ranunculus cardiophyllus, Rydberg, Flora, 165, is R. imamoenus, 
Greene. 


Ranunculus circinatus, Sibth. In ditches and slow streams, fre- 
quent. Gallatin River, July 27, 1898; Big Coulee Cr., Sweet Gruss 
Cor miine tearao2.» broadwater, Helena, June ta, 1893,78. IN: 
Brandegee. 


Ranunculus Cymbalaria alpinus, Hook. Near the Continental 
Divide, Empire, Aug. 1902, Owen Byrnes. 


Ranunculus ellipticus, Greene. See R. glaberrimus below. 


Ranunculus eremogenes, Greene. The characters given by 
fects eeitytiican = As) 121). sior this’. species, will,” hold 
cGiieligws wellt--for: Buropean- and Asiatic “specimens “at 
re sceleraius, 1... and even the rank, fleshy, fistulus, large- 
flowered form, which he regards as the typical European sceleratus, 
occurs occasionally here in situations which preclude its introduc- 


tion. All our specimens come under R. sceleratus, L. 


Ranunculus Flammula intermedius, Hook. In wet places, in- 
frequent)’ Fiathead=Lake, July 23, 1900;' Belton Aug.) 10, "1902; 
Columbia Falls, June 25, 1894, R. S. Williams; Thompson Falls, 
Aug. 6, 1901; Midvale, July 1, 1903, L. M. Umbach. 


in Ranunculus Flammula varians, n. var. 

Sienis we fOriM,.ekO<2O. ach. long, creeping rand ="root- 
ine oldt wites nodes, cleaves -6vate, rarely, oval, (5-12 mimy dong, 
on petioles “nearly twice that “length; petals 4° “mm. Jong: 
otherwise as in R. Flammuila reptans, Gray, from which it differs main- 
ly in its ovate leaves. Crow Creek, Mission Mts., Aug., 1897, M. J. 
Elrod, 234. A similar but larger form with leaves t-2 cm. long and 
8-12 mm. wide, collected in wet places at Lake McDonald, Aug. 
30, 1903, appears to be the same verging toward the variety imtermedi- 
“us, Hook. 


56 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Ranunculus glaberrimus, Hook., Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 12; R. ellip- 
ticus, Greene, Pittonia, 2:10; Rydberg, Flora, 163. It is very prob- 
able that two species are included in Hooker’s description of 
KR. glaberrimus, or have been classified as such, but there is no reason 
for the separation and renaming the one with entire basal leaves, for 
this is clearly the form Hooker made most prominent in his descrip- 
tion and represented in his figure (T. V.). If any renaming is done, 
it should be the one with trilobed basal and entire cauline leaves, 
which is not found in Montana. The common spring buttercup 
here is the R. ellipticus, Greene, which is therefore a synonym for 
R. glaberrimus, Hook. 


Ranunculus Helleri, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 29: 150. 
Soperry Glacier 1901, 1b 2k Vreeland. t110, ” : 


Ranunculus Macounii Oreganus, »Davis; Rk. Oreganus, Howell. 

A smoothish, thin-leaved form of Macouni with smaller flowers 

and heads, in swales about Lake MacDonald, Aug. 29, 1903, L. M. 
Umbach; 772: 


Ranunculus Montanensis, Rydberg, Flora, 166. This appears to 
be a rank, large-flowered form of R. acriformis, Gray. 


Ranunculus orthorhynchus platyphyllus, Gray; R. maximus, 
Greene. Borax, Missoula Co., Aug. 8, 1901, also in Yellowstone 
ani 


Ranunculus saxicola, Rydberg, Flora, 164. A form of 
R. Eschscholtzu, Schlecht., tending somewhat in leaf form toward 
R. eximius, Greene, but having pubescent akenes. 


Ranunculus sceleratus, L.; R. eremogenes, Greene, Common in 
® 
wet places. 


Thalictrum polycarpum, Wats. Said in the Synoptical Flora (1:16) 
to “extend apparently to Montana.” What evidence Dr. Gray had 
for this statement is uncertain, for there is nothing in the Gray 
Herbarium to support it and recent collections seem to show that 
the species ranges little eastward from the Coast Range. 


BERBERIDACE/. 
Berberis Aquifolium, Rydberg, Flora, 170, is the next species. 


Berberis repens, Lindl. Rydberg (Flora, 170) decides that the 
names of these two species of western Berberis have been transposed 
on the ground that Pursh’s figure of Aquifolium (Flora Am. Sept. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA, 57 


219) is B. repens, Lindl., except the detailed drawing of one leaflet, 
Which has the more acute apex and fewer and larger serrations of 
the true Aqufolium of the Pacific Coast. The figure perhaps repre- 
sents parts of two species, but the botanist must go, as a final re- 
sort, not to the figure and description, but to the plants from which 
they are drawn. Lindley (Bot. Reg. t. 1176) clearly distinguishes 
the two species and says that the plants of Menzies in the Bank- 
sian Herbarium were the types from which the figure and descrip- 
tion of Pursh were taken and that these are B. Aquifolium—not his 
B. repens, but thinks that probably those of the Lewis ‘collection 
were the latter. The plants of the Lewis and Clark Expedition have 
recently been gone over at the Gray Herbarium by Robinson and 
Greenman (Proc. Acad. Phila. 1898: 12-49) and thev say (p. 48) ° 
the Lambert Herbarium specimens from this collection are Aquifoli- 
wn: ~ Pursh in his description of Agquifolium calls the 
leaves “nitida,” which is true only of Aquifolium. B. repens has 
normally but 3-5 leaflets, B. Aquifoliwn has 7-11; Pursh’s figure 
represents seven leaflets and the type locality is the Great Rapids 
(Dalles) of the Columbia, where Aquifoliwum occurs and not repens, 
so there is not sufficient ground for changing Lindley’s interpre- 
tation. 


CRUCIFERAE. 


*Alyssum calycinum, L. A rare weed here. U. S. Fish Sta- 
tion, Bozeman, May 30, 1902, Mrs. H. F Henshall. 


Arabis arcuata subvillosa, Wats. Meadows at Midvale, July 
“a t003, LM. Umbach, 263; Mt. Bridger,-8500 it.) July 11; 1903; 
Bozeman, June 28, 1899. 


Arabis Kochii, n. sp. : 
Annual or biennial, 2-4 dm. high, finely stellate pubescent below, 
glabrous above, except the peduncles and calyx, stem usually simple 
and erect: radical leaves oblanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, entire, 
rarely somewhat denticulate; cauline linear-lanceolate or oblanceo- 
late, entire, more or less sagittate at base: flowers becoming reflex- 
ed; petals purplish, 4-6 mm. long, twice the length of the sepals: 
pods straight, rarely somewhat arcuate, 444 cm. long, I-1% mm. 
wide, valves I-nerved below, narrowed above to the sessile stigma: 
peduncles abruptly reflexed and mostly appressed, seeds in one 
row, orbicular, narrowly winged, as broad as the valves; cotyledons 
accumbent. 


58 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Near A. Holboelii, Hornem., with which it is commonly confused, 
but differs from this in being lower and more slender, stems glabrous 
above, less sagittate cauline leaves, pods about half as long and wide 
and more appressed and seeds in one row. From A. arcuata subvillosa, 
Wats. it is separated by its lower, more slender habit and its smaller, 
appressed, straight pods. In appearance it closely resembles 4. 
evtlis, Nelson (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 26:123), but differs in its sagit- 
tate cauline leaves, narrower pods and winged seeds. 

Frequent in dry rocky glades in the mountains from 5-7000 ft., 
while the larger wide-fruited 4. Holboelii belongs to the plains and 
lower valleys. Named for Peter Koch of Bozeman, Mont., who so 
long collected industriously the flora of this region and gave his 
work to advance the cause of science. 

Plains, Missoula Co., June 6, 1902; Lower Canyon of the Gallatin 
River, 5500 ft., July 5, 1898; Lower Basin of the Gallatin, 6000 ft., 
July 6, 1898; Bridger Canyon, 5000 ft., July 20, 1898; Lombard, June 
L,.£Q01. 


Barbarea stricta, Andrz. [lowers smaller and a paler yellow, 
fruiting raceme strict, separating it from: B. vulgaris arcuata, Fries, 
which also occurs here, but less frequently. 

Spring Hill, July 3, 1903, Amy M. Cooke; Evaro, June 8, 1902; 
Yellowstone, E. N. Brandegee. 


*Brassica campestris, L. A frequent weed in old fields and 
waste places. Bozeman, July 22, 1898; Craig, July 29, 1900; Sales- 
ville, Sept. 2, 1802, Wie lashaw. 


*Brassica juncea, Cosson. <A rare introduction. Bozeman, 
July 27, 1903, Amy M. Cooke. 


*Brassica nigra, Koch. Not infrequent as a weed in fields and 
waste places. Great Falls, 1900; Alhambra, July 24, 1898, E. ‘N. 
Brandegee; St. Ignatius, Sept. 7, 1899; Wibaux, July 9, 1901; Crow 
Agency, July 15, 1901; N. Boulder, June 25, 1899,:C. D. Flaherty. 


Cardamine acuminata, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 29:237; 
C. hirsuta acuminata, Nutt. Middle Cr., June 3, 1900; Gallatin River, 
June 28, 1899; Columbia Falls, June 2, 1894, R. S. Willams, 338; 
3elt R. Canyon, June 21, 1885, R. S. Williams; Bozeman, July 23, 
1808. 


*Conryngia perfoliata, Link. Introduced in a few localities. 
Hinsdale, June 13, 1901; Midvale, July 19, 1903, L. M. Umbach. 


» 


SUPPLEMENT TO THH FLORA OF MONTANA. 59 


Drapa alpina, L. Mountain sides, Midvale, July 12, 1903, L. M. 
Umbach; 312... Avlarge (15 cm: high) subcaulescent form. near 


D. harta; 1. 


Draba borealis, DC. Specimens collected by R. S. Williams at 
. St. Mary’s Lake, July 4, 1897, are densely czespitose and appear to 
belong here rather than with D. iucana, DC. 


Draba Breweri, Wats. Dry rocks; subalpine. Horsefly Pass, 
Crazy Mts., 8200 it., July 20, 1902; st..Mary’s Lake, July 4, 1897, 
R. S. Williams. 


Draba-cana; Rydbere, Balls Lorrs Bot <'Club,29:247. ° Most 
i 8> 

American forms of D. incana, L., are split off under this name; dis-~ 

tinguished by its more narrow, pubescent pods. 


Draba Fladnizensis, Wulf. The following seems best placed 
here: Divide Mt., Teton Co., July 16, 1897, R. S. Williams. 


Draba oligosperma microcarpa, n. var. 

Differs from oligosperma in its smaller (2 mm. long, instead of 3-4 
mm.), more orbicular and often more pubescent pods and smaller 
flowers, and from D. andina, Nelson, in its smaller pods, longer (4-6 
mm.) and narrower leaves and racemose inflorescence. One of 
the confluent glacialis group to which it is desirable to call attention. 

Black Butte, Tobacco Root Range, 10,000 ft., Aug. II, 1902; 
- Dewey, June 24, 1902; Horsefly Pass, Crazy Mts., 8200 ft., July 20, 
1902. 


Draba saximontana, A. Nelson. “Monida, Madison Co., June 
16, 1899, A. & E. Nelson.” 


*Eruca sativa, Lam. Resembles Brassica alba, Boiss. Our speci-— 
mens appear to be 2-3 feet high and nearly glabrous, but the fruit 
is glabrous and wider (6 mm.) than is normal with the species. Not 
before reported as a weed in America. Collected in the vicinity of 
Kalispell, Sept. 9, 1898, by Dr. E. V. Wilcox. 


*Hesperis matronalis, L. Occasionally escaped from ornamen- 
tal cultivation. Bozeman, 1891, W. T. Shaw; 1808. 


Lepidium pubicarpum, A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 30:189. Distin- 
guished from L. apetalum, Willd. by its much lower, branching habit 
and by being puberulent throughout, even to the pods. 

Dwelle’s, Upper Madison River, July 30, 1899, A. & E. Nelson; 
Bozeman, July 2, 1808. 


60 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Lesquerella Ludoviciana, Wats. Petals frequently purplish. 
Wibaux, May 25, 1902; Great Falls, June 9, 1885, R. S. Williams; 
Martinsdale, May 26, 1880, R. S. Williams. . 


*Nasturtium Armoracia, Fries. A not infrequent escape from 
cultivation, Helena, July 9, 1900; Bozeman, Aug., 1901. 


Physaria macrantha, n. sp. 

5-8 cm. high with a long, deeply penetrating root: petals 10-14 
mm., long, bright yellow: fruit didymous and much inflated, often 
large, 10-14 mm. diameter. In dry stony subalpine localities, 7-go00 
ft. altitude, and appears to intergrade with P. didymocarpa, Gray, 
which grows at lower elevations and has smaller (7-8 mm.) and paler 
colored petals and smaller (7-10 mm.) fruit. 

Hills near Granite Butte, Sept., 1902, Owen Byrnes; Midvale, 
July 9, 1903, L. M. Umbach; Mt. Bridger, 8500 ft., July 11, 1903; 
Dewey, June 24, 1902. 


Sisymbrium decumbens, (Rydb.); Schoenocrambe decumbens, 
Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 31:409. Separated from S. linifolium, 
Nutt. “Melrose, 1895, Rydberg, 2671; Sheridan, 1895, L. A. Fitch.” 


*Sisymbrium altissimum, L. The “Tumbling Mustard” is be- 
coming a common and troublesome weed in many sections of the 
state. Great Falls, July 10, 1900; La Salle, June 24, 1901, W. F. Jel- 
lison; Belgrade, Oct. 20, 1904; Missoula, June 5, 1892. 


Sisymbrium canescens, Nutt. In the eastern plains, frequent. 
Great Falls, R. S. Williams, May 24, 1885; Custer Station, May 30, 
1890; .Forsyth,. June “29, 618085 Fergus Coxajuly soperoola ten, 
_Spragg. 

Sisymbrium incisum Californicum, (T. & G.) ; Sophia Californica, 
Rydberg, Bull. Torr: Bot. Club, 29:238. Dewey, Beaverhead Co.,; 
June 24, 1902. 


Sisymbrium viscosum, (Rydb); Sophia viscosa, Rydberg, Bull. 
Torr. Bot. Club, 29:238. Distinguished from S. imciswm, Engelm. 
by its viscid pubescence throughout and narrower siliques. 

Deep Cr. Canyon, Big Belt Mts., Aug. 14, 1899. 


Smelowskia Americana, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 29:2309. 
The American forms of S..calycma, C. A. Meyer are separated under 
this name. 


Thelypodium Nuttallii, Wats.? Some two feet high with 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA, 61 


branching inflorescence. Has the leaves and general habit of Nuttal- 
lu, but the flowers are smaller, with petals about 6 mm. long and 
apparently white. 

Hallett’s Ranch, Helena, Aug. 15, 1892, E. N. Brandegee. 


CRASS ULACE AL. 


Sedum frigidum, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 28:283. The 
American forms of S. Rhodiola, DC. (S. rosewm, Scop.) are thus sep- 
arated as a distinct species. 


Sedum subalpinum, n. sp. 

Perennial, 5-10 cm. high, glabrous, except the leaves, branching 
from the base: leaves terete, sometimes flattened, 4-7 mm. long, usu- 
ally densely pulverulent under a lens, mainly aggregated in basal 
rosettes: cymes contracted, 2-4 cm. in diameter: petals 5 mm. long, 
equalling the short, thick, erect follicles: bracts, sepals and petals 
often purplish. Rocky ledges in alpine and subalpine situations, 
sooo feet and upwards, passing below into S. stenopetalum. Colorado 
and Oregon, northward in the mountains. 

S. stenopetalum, Pursh, is distiguished from this species by its 
greater size (10-18 cm.), fewer basal rosettes: leaves 8-12 cm. long: 
cymes diffuse and divisions divergent, 4-8 cm. in diameter: petals 
8 mm. long, equalling the erect, slender follicles, and it is found in 
the lower mountains from 3-8000 feet. The smaller size, more abun- 
dant basal rosettes, smaller leaves, cymes, flowers and fruit and 
higher altitude readily separate subalpinum from this species, though 
the two appear to have been confounded in most herbaria. 

Sperry Glacier, 8000 ft., Sept. 1, 1903; Beef Straight, Jefferson 
Cogs) une 30.81002, MimHyalite, Gallatin” Co., 10,000 ft. -Atign 1; 
1902; Horsefly Pass, Crazy Mts., 8200 ft., July 20, 1902; Mt. Bridg- 
er, 8500 it., July 11, 1903; Monida, 7000 ft., June 26, 1902. 


PaPPy RACE AY. 

Argemone alba, Lesteb. _ Apparently native in the eastern 
plains. Custer Station, June 23, 1890; Forsyth, July 24, 1901; Mey- 
Eta (Coz, 

Papaver nudicaule arcticum, Elkan.; Rydberg, Flora, 475. Is 
P. pygmaeum below. 

Papaver pygmaeum, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 29:159; 
P. nudicaule arcticum, Rydberg, Flora, 475. Also at Sperry Glacier, 
Sept? fl, ‘1903, S000.) {t: 


62 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


SAXIFRAGACE/. 


Heuchera alpina, n. comb., H. cylindrica alpina, Wats. Horse- 
fly Pass,’Crazy Mts., 8200 ft., July 20, 1902; Monida, June 26, 1902. 


Heuchera saxicola, E. Nelson, Bot. Gaz, 30:118. Separates 
our Montana form commonly referred to H. ovalifolia, Nutt. as the 


‘ 


above species, which is characterized as ‘“‘villous and viscid glandu- 
lar’ and ovalifolia proper as “wholly destitute of villous hairs.” Tor- 
vey & Gray (Fl. N: Ams 17581) seemstoshave used the-latter term 
to distinguish this species from H. cylindrica, Dougl., previously 


described and it is not at all evident that he did not mean our species. 


Leptarrhena amplexifolia, R. Br. Mountain sides, Holzinger 
Basin, Sperry Glacier, Aug. 22, 1901, Lk: M. Umbach, 356: 


Mitella stauropetala, Piper, Frythea, 7:161. Differs from WM. 
trifida, Graham in being larger throughout, raceme secund, petals 
twice the length of the sepals and divided half down into three 
hliform divergent lobes; trifida having relatively few flowers, petals 
scarcely exserted and very shortly lobed. Close to M. violacea, Rydb., 
of which it may be the normal form, but differs from it in its larger 
size, more numerous flowers and petals trifid into long, filiform, ai- 
varicate segments. In leaf and pubescence they seem identical and 
in fruit can only be distinguished by size. Petals often a beautiful 
violet. Evaro, June 8, 1902, low wet places; Mt. Hyalite, 8000 it., 
AMS ie O02! 


Parnassia Kotzebuei, C. & S. In bogs at the outlet of the 
Lower Basin of the Gallatin River, July 7, 1898. 3-15 cm. high, 
staminodia 5 and. fairly.typical of the species. Not heretofore 
found south of the British boundary. 


Ribes aureum chrysococcum, Rydberg, Flora, 204. There is no 
basis for separating the yellow-fruited forms of R. aureum from the 
black-fruited ones, as variation in fruit-coloration is not infrequent. 
There are red and white fruited forms of Actaca arguta, Nutt., red 
and yellow fruited forms of Shepherdia argentea, Nutt. and S. Cana- 
densis, Nutt., as well as red and black fruited Prunus demissa, Walp. 
In regard to the yellow, red and black fruit of Ribes awreum see Bot. 
Gaz. 14:289 and 15:24. Yellow appears to be the normal color of 
the fruit here. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 63 


Ribes camporum, n. sp. 


Infra-axillary spines 1-3, short; more or less prickly and densely 
canesceht on the younger branches: leaves usually smail, 1-2 cm. 
long, deeply 3-5 lobed, lobes deeply and often acutely incised, cor- 
date or truncate at base, thick, densely canescent with short hairs, 
cspecially below when young, veins impressed above, salient be- 
neath; petioles about the length of the blade, lanate: peduncles 
short, 1-2 flowered; pedicels and calyx glabrous: bracts and bud 
scales glabrous and ciliate: fowers 8-10 mm. long; calyx-tube cylin- 
dric, about the length, or a trifle longer than the lobes, greenish- 
white or somewhat purplish: petals spatulate or oboval, about half 
the length of the calyx lobes; stamens equaling the petals: fruit 
glabrous, apparently red when ripe, 6-8 mm. diameter. A shrub 
6-12 dm. high on dry cliffs and broken uplands throughout the plains 
region east of the mountains. 

Apparently R. Cynosbati, Mx. var. y of Hooker (Fl. Bor. Am. 1 :230) 
and R. oxycanthoides, L. var. y of Torrey & Gray (Fl. N. Am. 1:546), 
but all the specimens consulted seem to show the calyx, pedicels 
and fruit glabrous, though there may be variation in this rcspest. 
Certainly different from FR. setosum, Lindl., which has larger, thinner, 
nearly glabrous, crenately dentate leaves, much less conspicuous 
veining, longer pedicels and calyx-tube nearly twice longer than its 
lobes. RR. sctosum is a shrub of the lowland thickets, while 
FR. camporum is found on the dry upland cliffs. It is also very differ- 
ent from R. saxrosum, Hook., which has larger, glabrous leaves, 4-6 
flowered peduncles, larger flowers, fewer prickles and the pubescence 
wholly lacking; the range of the latter also is west of the Continental 
Divide. R. camporum appears to extend from the Saskatchewan 
southward to Colorado in the plains east of the mountains. 

Big Horn River, 7 miles south of Custer Station, May 3, 1890, No. 
9; Glasgow, July 17, 1900 (in fruit) ; Wibaux, May 25, 1902. 


Ribes echinatum, Lindl.; Rydberg, Flora, 202. It does not seem 
possible to separate the western form of (R. /acustre, Poir, from 
the eastern one, as the characters given do not hold. 


Ribes Hudsonianum, Richards. All Montana specimens so re- 
ferred are R. petiolare, Dougl., which has larger leaves, longer race- 
mes and glabrous calyx. Hudsonianum is more northern and appar- 
ently does not reach our limits. 


Ribes lacustre, Poir. includes R. echinatwm, Lindl. See above. 


64 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Ribes lentum, Coville & Rose, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15 :26-29 
(F. V. Coville) ; R. lacustre molle, Gray. In subalpine situations. 
Head of Cottonwood Cr., Tobacco Root Range, gooo ft., Aug. 
II,,.1902; Single-shot Mts., Téton Co., 7000 ft.; July 4, 1897, RS. 
Williams. 


Ribes leptanthum, Gray. A small rigid-branched, spiny shrub, 
2-3 ft. high, in dry rocky places, 6000-8500 ft. altitude in the moun- 
tains east of the Divide. R. saximontanum, E. Nelson (Bot. Gaz. 
30:119)? 
Rocky Canyon, Bozeman, May 26, 1900, 6000 [t.; Horsefly Pass, 
Crazy Mts.) July 20/902, 8000, it.; -Wilder, July) o,q1807, eR s: 
Williams. | 


Ribes leucoderme, Heller, seems the same as R. irrigiwwmn, Doug]. 


Ribes longiflorum, Nutt. in Fraser's Catalogue. See Coville, Proc. 
Biol. Soc. Wash. 15:23... The yellow-flowered currant of. the Mis- 
souriand its tributaries in the plains haslonger (16 mm.) flowers 
and the lobes of the leaves acute and straight margined (KR. longi- 
florum, Nutt.), while the mountain form has shorter (11 mm.) flow- 
ers, the lobes of the leaves obtuse and incurved toward the apex 
(R. aureum, Pursh). Wibaux, May 25, 1902; Box Elder Cr., Valley 
Co., July 14,1900; Fergus Co.,.Aug.,2, 1901, HA, Sprago, 


Ribes Purpusi, Koehne, (ined?). (F. V. Coville). An unarmed 
shrub with whitish bark and.thin glabrous leaves; lowers 2 or 3 
in axillary, usually drooping, racemes; calyx tuhe campanulate, 
greenish or rarely purplish, with lobes equaling or longer than the 
tube; petals white, half shorter than the lobes of the calyx; stamens 
exserted and calyx lobes reflexed on maturity; fruit black, naked. 
Along shady streams. 

Limekiln Canyon, Bozeman, June 18, 1900; Middle Cr. Canyon, 
July 31, 1902; Flathead-Brackett Cr. Divide, July 16, 19¢2.° 


Saxifraga austromontana, Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 27: 
asc; S. cognata, E. Nelson; Bot. Gaz. 30:118. Our Rocky Mountain 
species of S. bronchialis, L.. has been separated as the above, but an ex- 
amination of any considerable number of Siberian and East Asia 
specimens will show their great variability and relative approxima- 
tion to the American forms in leaf and flower, so that separation is 


questionable. 


Saxifraga caespitosa minima, n. n.; S. moschata forma compacta, 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA, 65 


Mert. & Koch; S. acaulis, Gaud. . The small, condensed, more crespi- 
tose form of S. caespitosa, L., 1-3 cm. high and 1-2 fiowered, in al- 
pine situations. | 

Single-shot Mountain, Teton Co., 7000 it., July 4, 1897, R. S.. 
Williams; Mt. Hyalite, 10,000 ft., Aug. I, 1902; Mt. Henry, Teton 
Co,, [uner2er1003, 0... Umbach 


Saxifraga Columbiana, Piper, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 27: 393. 
One of the segregates of S. integrifolia, Hook., characterized by hav- 
ing narrow, obovate-oblong petals, shorter than the calyx lobes and 
calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, which is immersed in a lobed disk. 

Bozeman, May, 1887, Peter Koch; Mt. Bridger, May 16, I9o1; 
Plains, June 6, 1902; Thompson Falls, June 7, 1902; Columbia Falls, 
June 7, 1893, R. S. Williams. 


Saxifraga exarata, Vill. Much more lax than S., caespitosa, L. 
and the basal leaves are not aggregated, as in that species; flowering 
stems weak and ascending, In the spray of the falls with S. debilis, 
Engelm., 

Middle Cr., Gallatin Co., July 7, 1901, W. W. Jones; same Jocality, 
July 30, 1902. es 


Saxifraga integrifoha, Hook. By the splitting up of this com- 
posite species the true integrifolia is not found in Montana, but is 
native further west. See Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 7:79 and 
small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23 :366: 

& 
Saxifraga Greenei, n. sp. 
S. nivalis of most authors, as to the Rocky Mountain species. 

Apparently annual or biennial from a short, fibrous-rooted caudex ; 
acaulescent: leaves ovate to ovate-elliptical, coreaceous, crenately 
serrate, 15-20 mm. long by about two-thirds as wide, usually with 
some rusty tomentum beneath, obtuse at apex and narrowed abrupt- 
ly into a winged, often ciliate petiole of about the length of the 
blade; scape about to (3-16) cm. high, densely glandular-pabert- 
lent above; flowers nearly sessile in dense terminal heads, bracts 
linear, scarcely equaling the glabrous calyx: calyx short-turbi- 
nate, the tube about as long as the ovate erect acute or obtuse seg- 
ments, and adherent to ovary; petals elliptical or oboval, narrowed 
to a sessile base, 2 mm. long, twice the length of the caivx segnients, 
white, lateral nerves rarely confluent above: carpels widely diver- 
gent above on maturity, deep purple: bracts and calyx segments 
usually purplish. 


66 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


The true S. mvalis, L. is a species of the Arctic regions and is 
readily separated from this species of the Rocky Mountains by its 
glabrate, canescent or sparse purple-glandular pubescence; its wider, 
more rounded, thinner serrate-dentate leaf-blades; wider calyx-tube 
and shorter petals. The nearest relative of S. Greenei in the Rockies- 
is S. rhomboidea, Greene (Pittonia, 3:343), which is a much larger 
plant with interruptedly spicate inflorescence, longer (4 mm.) 
petals, more viscid pubescence and found in lower situations (3-8000 
feel) 

Mt. Hyalite, Aug. 1, 1902, 10,000 ft.; Black Butte, Tobacco Root 
Range, Aug. II, 1902, 10,000 ft.; Dewey, June 24, 1902, gooo ft.; Flat- 
top Mountain, Teton Co., July 5, 1897, 7ooo ft., R. S. Williams; 
Red Lodge, June, 1899, J. M. Kay; Old Hollowtop, near Pony, July 
g, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4267; Lake Plateau, Aug. 1, 1897, Peter 
Koch. 

In alpine and subalpine situations throughout the Rocky Moun- 
tain region, passing in lower situations into S. rhomboidea and proba- 
bly in’ the extreme north into’S. mvalis, [PLATE JT, Atand Bit 


Saxifraga nivalis, Rydberg, Flora, 194, and other authors as to 
the Rocky Mountain specimeis. Ali specituens se named tron: this 
region must be divided between S. rhomboidea, Greene, and the 
smaller S. Greenet above. The true S. nivalis is confined to the Arc- 
tic regions. 

Saxifraga Marshallii, Greene, Pittonia, 1: 159. SS. occidentalis, 
Wats., Proc. Amer. Acad. 23:264, in part; S. saximontana, E. Nel- 
son, Erythea, 7:168; S. Idahoensis, Piper, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 27; 
3294. A careful study of this group convinces me that these are all 
one species. Small (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23:362) would limit 
S. occidentalis, Wats. to the specimens cited from Vancouver Island, 
which have larger petals (4 mm. long), sepals nearly always erect 
even in fruit, glabrous stems and leaves rufous-tomentous beneath 
and marked by Watson “n. sp.,’ although in publication he first 
cited the Rocky Mountain specimens of Drummond, which are 
identical with those here considered and previously described by 
Greene as S. Marshallii. Nelson and Piper appear to have in mind 
only the form with purple-glandular pubescent stem, nearly glabrous 
leaves and small flowers. Our species appears to vary considerably 
in the size of the petals (1%4-3 mm.) and hight of the plants (1-3 
dm.), but none appear to have the “oval green spot on each side 
of the midnerve toward the base” of the petals, mentioned by 


SAXIFRAGA GREENE!, BLANKINSHIP. 


A. Plant natural size. 
B, Flower X 5. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 67 


PLATE. 


IMPATIENS: ECALCARATA, BLANKINSHIP.. 
C. Leaf natural size. 
D. Flower X 2. 


68 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Greene. It differs from S. Californica, Greene (Pittonia. 1:286) im 
its usually smaller size and flowers, its glabrous leaves and cymose, 
instead of racemose, inflorescence. From S. reflexa, Hooi.., wita 
which it is usually confused, it is separated by its purple-glandular 
(not hoary) pubescence and pure white, instead of orange-spotted 
petals. The reflexed sepals, glandular (not viscid) pubescence and 
peduncled flowers at once distinguish it from S. Virgimiensis, Michx. 

Upper Sand Coulee, May 30, 1888, R. S. Williams, 700; Missoula, 
4500 it., June 7, 1897, M. J. Elrod; Bozeman, May 30, 1901, W. W. 
Jones; Spanish Creek, 1901, Jacob Vogel; Mt. Hyalite, 10,000 , it., 
Aug. 1, 1902; Sperry Glacier, 6-8000 ft., Sept. 1, 1902; in the latter 
situation growing with S. Notkana, Moc. 


Saxifraga Sierrz, Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23 :36C; Coville, 
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 7:78., Like S. rhomboidea, Greene, but the 
calyx-tube is shorter, petals equaling the calyx-lobes and the leaves. 
are wider. From S. Columbiana, Piper, it is distinguished by its 
sepals often erect in anthesis, calyx-tube more adherent below, pe- 
tals wider, leaves wider and abrupt at base and inflorescence long, 
branching and divergent below. 

Bridger Canyon, Bozeman, May 16, 1898, Mrs. R. M. Wilcox; 
Sedan, June 11, 1901, B. Jones. 


Saxifraga Oregana, Howell, Erythea, 3:34. Related to the 
:ast but much larger (6-12dm.) with long (3-20cm.), lanceolate to 
oblong, nearly entire leaves and petals twice the length of the calyx- 
lobes. Missoula, May 11, 1897, M. J. Elrod, 54. 


Saxifraga reflexa, Rydberg, Flora, 193, is S. Marshallii, (ireene, 
though none examined have the orange-spotted petals mentioned by 
him. 


Saxifraga rhomboidea, Greene, Pittonia, 3:343; S. reflexa, 
Small, Ball Worr, Bot. Club, 23:367. One of ghetsegrecates or 
S. nivalis, characterized by its larger size (2-5 dm. high), stems 
densely glandular puberulent or somewhat viscid-pubescent, long- 
turbinate calyx-tnbe, large (4 nun. long), conspicuors white petals, 
twice as long as the lobes of the calyx, and flowers in glomerate 
cymes. Common in the lower mountains of the state. - 

Bozeman, May 26, 1901; Canyon of the Gallatin, July 5, 1898; 
spanish Creek, May 30, 1901, Jacob Vogel; Mt. Hyalite, Ang. 1. 
1902; Bozeman, May 26, 1901; Canyon of the Gallatin, July 5, 1808. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 69 


Saxifraga Rydbergii, Small; Rydberg, Flora, 194. Mt. Brid- 
ger, Bozeman, May 3, 1903, Faith Jackson; Mt. Hyalite, 10,000 ft., 
AUs 11S 2 


Saxifraga .comosa, .Britton; SS. stellaris comosa, Poir. With 
S. Notkana, Moc. and apparently intergrading with that species. 
Sperry Glacier, 6000 ft., Sept. 1, 1903. 


ROSACEZE. 


Amelanchier Cusickii, Fernald. Leaves serrate from near the 
base, glabrous when young; petals 2 cm. long. West of the Divide. 
Missoula, May, 1897, M. J. Elrod, 40; Plains, June 6, 1902. 


Cercocarpus parvifolius, Nutt.; Rydberg, Flora, 222. 
Though common southward in Wyoming, there is no evidence that 
it has ever been found in this state. 


Crataegus flabellata, Rydberg, and C. macracantha, Rydberg, Flora, 
228. All Montana specimens referred to these species aprear to be 
C. Piperi, Britton; neither of the two species mentioned appear to 


-cross the plains. 


Crategus Piperi, Britton, Torreya, 1:33. See C. fladeiiata above. 
Geum macrophyllum, Willd. Mountains, infrequent. Rumsey, 
July 15, 1892, F. D. Kelsey; Spanish Basin, June 22, 1£97, Rydberg 
& Bessey, 4406; Bozeman, June 28, 1899; Upper Madison Kiver., 


- July 16, 1899; Kalispell, Aug. 27, 1903; Swan Lake, June, 1902, M. J. 


Elrod. 
Ivesia alpicola, Rydberg; Howell, Fl. N. W. Aw. 1:182; H. 
Gordon alpicola, Rydberg, Mon., Pot. 152. 
Mt. Bridger, go0o ft., June 26, 1890. 
Potentilla filipes, Rydberg, Bull. Bot. Club, 28: 174. “Bridger 
Mts., 1896, J. H. Flodman.” 


Potentilla fissa, Nutt.; Rydberg, Mon. Pot. 198. Rather fre- 
quent in the mountains on dry cliffs. 
Rocky Canyon, Bozeman, May 25, 1900, B. Jones; Spring Hill, 
July 3, 1903, Amy M. Cooke; Plains, June 6, 1902. 
Potentilla glandulosa monticola, (Rydberg), Mon. Pot. 199. 
Pree Selsey tool. 


Potentilla Nicollettii, Sheldon. Great Falls, July 10, 1900. 


70 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Potentilla nivea Altiaca, Rydberg, Mon. Pot..86. Flat-top Mtn., 
Teton Co., 7000 ft., July 5, 1897, R. S. Williams. 


Potentilla Norvegica, L. This narrow-leaved, rugose fruited 
form seems more common here than the villous, wider-leaved P. 
Monspeliensis, L. 

Bozeman, Sept. 22, 1897; Kalispell, Sept. 8, 1899; Billings, June 
30, 1903. 


Potentilla Pennsylvanica strigosa, Pursh. Eastern plains main- 
ly. Rocky Canyon, Bozeman, May 26, 1900; Big Coulee Cr., Sweet 
Grass Co., June 15, 1901; Wibaux, July 9, 1901; Stanford, July 5, 
igo1, F. A. Spragg, 217; N. Boulder, Jéfferson Co., Juné 25, 1800; 
 taterty.s 


Potentilla rhomboidea, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23 :248. 
Ridge above Bannock, 7000 ft., July 19, 1880, S. Watson, 114 (Gray 
Herb.). 


*Poterium annua, Nutt. In waste places, well established at 
Arlee, TAG 25) al OOLs 


Prunus emarginata, Rydberg, Flora, 477, is PP. trichopetala, 
(Greene) below. 


Prunus trichopetala, (Greene) ; Cerasus trichopetala, Greene, Proc. 
Biol. Soc. Wash. 1905; Prunus emarginata, Rydberg. Columbia Falls, 
May 28, and Aug. 20, 1894, R. S. Williams, 1005. 


Prunus Virginiana, L. Various authors have referred this 
species to Montana by including in it P. demissa, Walp. and this is 
even followed by Sargent (Sylva, 4:42), though he enumerates the 
chief points: of distinction. The two are perfectly distinct as 
species and need never be confused even in the herbarium. P. 
demissa is a shrub or small tree, rarely attaining a diameter of 5, 
inches, the young twigs are usually more slender, the leaves are 
smaller, thicker, paler beneath, less acuminate and with the tips of 
the teeth normally somewhat incurved and the fruit is smaller 
(16 mm.), sweet and edible when ripe, though slightly bitterish and 
astringent. The latter is the common “choke cherry” in Montana, 
but the true P. Virginiana occurs in some localities west of the 
Divide as a good-sized tree 8-10 inches in diameter. The twigs are 
thicker and it has larger, thinner more acuminate leaves, with 
straight or salient teeth, and larger fruit. 


Columbia Falls, Sept. 6, 1892, R. S. Williams ; Plains, June 6, 1902. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA, 71 


Rosa acicularis, Lindl. Not infrequent along streams in the 
mountains. Fruit large with prominent neck and edible. 

Columbia Falls, Sept. 9, 1899; St. Ignatius, Sept. 7, 1899; Leonia, 
Sept. 16, 1900; Kalispell, Sept. 8, 1899; Mystic Lake, Aug. 1, 1898: — 
Bridger Canyon, Bozeman, July 20, 1898; Lower Basin of the Galla- 
tin, July 8, 1808. 

Rosa blanda, Rydberg, Flora, 477 and others, as to western speci- 
mens. The true R. blanda, Ait. appears not to extend westward as far 
as Montana (Crepin, Bot. Gaz. 22:12); the western form usually re- 
ferred to that species is R. Nutkana, Pres]. 


Rosa pisocarpa, Gray. Not rare in the mountains. Mt. Brid- 
ger, Aug. 23, 1898; Columbia Falls, July 20, 1900; Flathead Lake, 


. July 23, 1900; Kalispell, Aug. 27, 1903; Belton, Aug. 19, 1902; Gar- 


rison, Sept. 4, 1899. 

Spiraea Douglas, Rydberg, Flora; 206, is S. Menziesu, Hook. 
The tomentulose S. Douglasii seems not to extend eastward to our 
limits. 

Spirzea Menziesii, Hook; S. Douglasi Menziesi, Presl. Fre- 
quent in the western part of the state. 

Troy, July 25, 1900; Libby Creek, July 26, 1900; Lolo Cr. Canyon, 
S. Watson, Aug. 19, 1880, No. 99 (Gray Herb.) ; White Pine, Sept. 


-8, 1904. 


LEGUMINOS/. 


Astragalus aculeatus, A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 26:10; 
Rydberg, Flora, 249. The wisdom of separating the red-flowered 
forms of A. tegetarius, Wats. from the ones with the flowers “‘ochro- 
leucus, the keel purplish” of Colorado, is doubtful, judging from a 
comparison of the types of both, as such slight variation in color is 
rarely sufficient basis for founding a species. 


_Astragalus adsurgens albifolius, n. var. 

Larger than the type; leaves canescent with a white sericeous 
pubescence, like that of A. terminalis, Wats.; petals white or cream- 
colored, or possibly purplish when young; calyx and fruit white, 
somewhat lanate with short hairs; otherwise like the type. | 

Field on 7-mile road, Helena, July 19, 1898, E. N. Brandegee; 
Alhambra, July 24, 1898, E. N. Brandegee; Canyon Ferry, June 22, 
1898, E. N. Brandegee. 


“1 
bo 


MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Astragalus adsurgens pauperculus, n. var. 


15 cm. high or less, spike 1-2 cm. long, flowers about 12 mm. and 
legume about 6 mm. long. This is the other extreme from variety. 
robustior, Hook., much smaller than the normal form in hight, leaf, 
flower and fruit. On dry, gravelly ridges. 

Billings, July 7, 1902; Garfield Peak, Wyo., July 24, 1894, A. Nel- 
son, 646. Intermediate forms have been found at Bozeman and 
Big Timber. 


Astragalus adsurgens robustior, Hook. This ranker, nearly 
erect form with less nigrescent calyx is not rare in the plains east- 
ward. 

Melville, July 21, 1901. 


Astragalus amphidoxus, n. sp. 

Perennial, cespitose ‘rom a long, thick taproot: branches <s- 
cending, 12-18 cm. long, sparsely hirsute, slender: stipules broadly 
ovate or triangular acute, connate below; leaves 5-8 cm. long includ- 
ing the petiole of one-third that length; leaflets 6-8 pairs, ovate ob- 
long to linear, acute, thin, nearly sessile, the younger often revolute in 
drying, 1-2 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide: inflorescence 6-8 flowered in a 
lax raceme, about equaling the leaves; peduncles long (3-6 cm.): 
bracts 2 mm. long, linear to lanceolate: calyx pubescent with some 
short, black hairs, teeth linear, about equaling the tube; corolla violet, 
8 mm. long; similar to the larger flowered forms of vexriliflexus which 
it resembles in habit and with which it appears to intergrade: le- 
gume flat, straight, sessile, about 3-seeded, 5-8 mm. long. soméwhat 
oblique. 

Near A. miser, Doug]: (Hooker, Fl.-Bor. Am. °1:153 note), but it 
is yet doubtful just what this species is. Nuttall’s description (Tor- 
rey & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 338) differs from Douglas’s in the obovate 
leaflets and Gray (Proc. Am. Acad. 6:228) describes it as cinereous 
pubescent (like A. vevilliflerus, Sheld.), instead of subpubescent 
(Douglas) or somewhat hirsute (Nuttall) and the leaves, as with 
Douglas, as broad-linear to oblong and obtuse, not obovate and acute, 
as with Nuttall. Watson (King’s Rep. 5:444) and Howell (Flora 
N. W. Am. 153) follow Gray in their description of the’ species. 
A.amphidoxus differs from A. miser, Dougl. in having more leaflets 
(6-8 instead of 5-6) ; and sparsely hirsute instead of cinereous pube- 
cence; from Nuttall’s in its oval-oblong to linear, acute leaves (not 
obovate) and from Gray’s in being hirsute pubescent, instead of cin- 
ereous pubescent, and the peduncles not exceeding the leaves. In 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 


“1 
oe) 


this confusion as to A. miser, it seems best to describe our plant as 
new, until the identity of A. miser, Dougl. be determined. 

Sky High, Unionville, 6000 ft., July 10, 1898, E. N. Brandegee. A 
form collected by F. L. Scribner, Shield’s River, Mont., June 6, 1883, 
No. 27, and distributed as A. pauciflorus, Hook. seems intermediate 
between this and A. vewilliflexus, Sheld. 

Astragalus arietinus, Jones, Proc., Calif. Acad. [T. 5:653. See 
A. 1odanthus below. 

Astragalus atropubescens, Coult. & Fish., Bot. Gaz. 18: 30. 
“Deer Lodge, June, 1892, F. D. Kelsey.” 


Astragalus decumbens, Gray. In dry open places, frequent. 
Bozeman, June 18, 1900; Kalispell, July 21, rg00; St. Joe Cr., En- 
nis, June 18, 1899, W. W. Jones; Columbia Falls, July. 4, 1894, R. S. 
Williams, 1003. 


Astragalus divergens, n. sp. 

Caespitose from a perennial, woody, deeply penetrating caudex, 
1o-15 cm. high, somewhat caulescent with short, divergent branches | 
terminating in long (5-10 cm.) naked peduncles twice as long as the 
basal leaves; sericeous pubescent throughout with short appressed 
hairs: leaves pinnate, 9-13 foliate, 3-5 cm. long with broadly deltoid- 
ovate stipules or the upper lanceolate, more or less connate and the 
lower scarious; leaflets elliptical to linear-oblong and acute, sessile 
or néarly so, 4-6 x I-2 mm.: raceme aggregate, 6-12 flowered; bracts 
linear, about equaling the pedicels: flowers 8 mm. long; calyx cam- 
panulate, dark pubescent, teeth linear-lanceolate, about half as long 


‘as the tube; standard purple (blue in drying) or white and purple- 


lined, emarginate, about a third longer than the keel, the latter with 
an attenuate, inflexed and deeply colored tip; wings white: mature 
legume 15 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, straight and nearly terete, 1-celled, 
coriaceous, stipe at maturity about equaling the calyx. 

Nearest A. decumbens, Gray to which it has usually been referred, 


.but differs from that species in its more caespitose, subacaulescent 


habit, wider and shorter leaves, subcapitate inflorescence, smaller 
purple or purplish flowers and nearly terete, stipitate pod. The true 
A. decumbens, Gray is a strictly caulescent and much larger plant, 
with longer and narrower leaves, flowers about twice as large and 
scattered in a lax raceme and with longer, compressed, sessile fruit. 
In habit and situation it closely resembles A. caespitosus, Gray and 
A. simplicifolius, Gray, with ,;which it was found on high dry grav- 
elly uplands near Big Coulee creek, about 30 miles northeast of Big 


74 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Timber, Sweet Grass county, June I5, 1902. 

The species belongs to the plains, like A. decwmbens with which 
it appears to intergrade. A. Nelson’s “No. 198, Laramie Hills, Wyo., 
June 9, 1894” seems to belong here and “No. 7085, Steamboat Mtn., 
Sweetwater Co., Wyo., June 10, 1900” also, though the latter has 
narrower leaves and hook-tipped, mottled fruit. E. Nelson’s “No. 
4374, Willow Creek, Wyo., July I, 1898,’ seems intermediate be- 
tween this and A. decumbens. [PLATE II.] 


Astragalus Geyeri, Gray. Sandy roadsides with A. pictus filifoli- 
us, Gray. Glendive, June 27, 1903; Miles City, May 26, 1902. 

Astragalus glareosus, Dougl. Fair-grounds, Helena, June 8, 
and 25, 1898, E. N. Brandegee; Monida, June 16, 1899, A. & E. Nel- 
son, 5410. 


Astragalus todanthus, Rydberg, Flora, 244. All specimens re- 
ferred to this species in Montana appear to be A. arietinus, Jones. 


Astragalus leptaleus, Gray. Extends northward to the Sas- 
katchewan (Macoun). Head of Cottonwood Creek, Tobacco Root 
Range, gooo ft., Aug. 10, 1902. 


Astragalus Macounu, Rydberg, Flora, 243, is +A. Robbinsii Jes- 
supt, Eggleston & Sheldon (Minn. Geol. .& Nat. Hist. Surv. 1:155); 
A. Blakei, Eggleston (Bot. Gaz. 20: 271). 


Astragalus pictus filifolius, Gray; A. ceramicus, Sheldon, Minn. 
Bot. Stud. 1:137. Glendive, June 17, 1903. Sandy roadsides, rare. 


Astragalus prunifer, Rydberg, Flora, 239, is A. caryocarpus, 
Ker, which varies considerably in the color of the flowers, width of 
leaves and size of pod; neither ought Nuttall’s A. crassicarpus be 
taken up, as its characterization in Fraser’s Catalogue is insufficient 
and may as well apply to A. Mexicanus. 


Astragalus Robbinsii Jessupi, Eggleston & Sheldon. See A. 
Macounu above. 


Astragalus simplicifolius, Nutt. Leaves silvery canescent, sim- 
ple, shorter than in A. cacspitosus, Nutt., and peduncles shorter and 
pods thicker and more strongly keeled. On dry upland plains. 

Big Coulee Cr., Sweet Grass Co., June 15, 1902. 


Hedysarum occidentale, Greene, Pittonia, 3:19. Leaves larger 
than in H. boreale, Nutt. and loment segments few, larger and 
sparsely hispidulous. 

Leonia, Sept. 14, 1900; Midvale, July 4, 1903, L. M. Umbach, 270. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA 


PAE EAL. 


OF MONTANA, 75 


ASTRAGALUS DIVERGENS, BLANKINSHIP. 


A, Plant half natural size. 
B. Flower X 6. © 


C. Mature legume X 3. 
D. Legume, section X 3. 


~~ 
op) 


MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Lupinus alpestris, A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 26:127. 
Ditters from L. pseudoparviflorus, Rydb. in its larger flowers, less 
gibbous calyx, usually denser raceme and leaflets pubescent on both 
sides. It is found in mountain meadows 7-gooo ft. altitude, while 
parviflorus is a native of the forests from 5-7000 ft. in the moun- 
tains. 

Middle Cr., Gallatin Co., 8000 ft., July 30, 1902; Tobacco Root 
Range, 8000 ft., Aug. 9, 1902. 


Lupinus aphronorus, Hosp. 

Herbaceous perennial, much branched below, about 2 dm. high: 
leaflets 6-8, narrowly oblanceolate, 2-3 cm. long, silky canescent or 
subvillous with appressed hairs on both sides; stipules subulate, 
petioles about as long as the leaflets: calyx scarcely gibbous; stan- 
dard blue with whité or yellowish center, 10 mm. long, pubescent keel 
white, tipped with blue, ciliate: bracts linear, deciduous: fruit not 
seen. 

Differs from L. fleruosus, Lind. in its smaller size, small leaflets, 
shorter and denser verticillate racemes, and shorter (4 mm.) pedi- 
cels as well as its higher altitude. Resembles L.candicans, Rydberg, 
but has larger flowers, pubescent standard and ciliate keel. 

Divide of Horsefly Pass, Crazy Mts., 8000 ft., July 20, 1902. 


Lupinus argenteus argophyllus, Wats. These more silky pube- 
scent forms are more frequent eastward. Wibaux, July 9, 190! ; Six- 
teen Mile: Cr. gAug. 15,°1809;sDeep 4Cr, mith) Ravers Divides: wie. 
14, 1899; Judith Basin, July 24, 1901, I’. A. Spragg; E. Flathead Cr., 
June 22, 1901, W. W. Jones. 


Lupinus axillaris, n. sp. 

Herbaceous, erect perennial, 2-4 dm. high, with chon appressed 
sericeous pubescence, sometimes villous and spreading on the lower 
stem; leaflets 8-10, oblanceolate, acute, 3-4 cm. long; petioles near- 
ly twice as long; stipules lance-linear, 1 cm. long; axils of cauline 
leaves with 2-3 supernumerary leaves of equal size: inflorescence 
rather lax with 1-4 flowers in verticels: bracts subulate; pedicels 
S mm. long; calyx slightly gibbous; flowers blue or purplish, 10 
mm. long; standard often with yellowish center, glabrous; keel 
verging to white below, minutely ciliate above: legumes 3-5 seeded, 
short villous or woolly. 

Nearest L. Rydbergii below, of which it may be a more cauline var- 
iety, with supernumerary axillary leaves, but inhabits the dry east- 
ern plains. 3 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 17 


Miles City, May 26, 1902; Custer Station, May 25, 1890; Lombard, 
June 1, 1901, the latter connecting with L. Rydber git. 


Lupinus caespitosus, Nutt. In dry gravelly situations. West 
Gallatin River W. of Bozeman, June 3, 1900; Head of Cottonwood 
Cr., Tobacco Root Range, gooo ft., Aug. 10, 1902. 


Lupinus candicans, Rydberg, Bull, Torr. Bot. Club, 28:35. 
“E, V. Wilcox, 1960,.451; Botlder, 125 & 129.in part; Big Tim- 
ber, 385; R. S. Williams, Highwood Mts., 42; Columbia Falls, 1897.” 


Lupinus cyaneus, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 28:35. Com- 
mon in the lower canyons and mountain forests, 5-7000 ft., with 
L. pseudoparviflorus, Rydb. 

BridecteCnjuly 25. loo2-yt orcupine. Cr Crazy «Mts. July 18, 
1902; Limekiln Canyon, Bozeman, Julv 27, 1901; Bridger Canyon, 
July 25, 1902. 

Lupinus decumbens, Torr., Rydberg, Flora, 231. Torrey’s de- 
scription is insufficient to separate this from L. argenteus, Pursh., 
which varies greatly in laxity of spike, abundance of leaves and 
size of flower and I agree with Britton & Brown (Ill. FI. 2: 296) 
in reducing decumbens to a synonym. 


Lupinus flavescens, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 29:245; 
L. sulphureus, Dougl. in part. “Medicine Clay Prairies,’ Wyeth.” 
Doubtfully in Montana; probably in Washington or Idaho. 


Lupinus flexuosus, Lindl.; Agardh, Syn. 34; L. seviceus, Ryd- 
berg, Flora, 230 and recent authors. This is the most common 
lupine on the dry plains and uplands of Montana and has usually 
been confused with L. sericeus, Pursh., which is characterized by its 
coarsely villous and_ subsilky, spreading pubescence, while 
L. flexuosus has pubescence short, silky and appressed, as with our 
species. It is more difficult to separate L. fleruosus from L. orinatus 
Dougl., but in general the latter has leaves fewer and more scatter- 
ed, leaflets larger and flat, pubescence short silky appressed, raceme 
longer, denser and more acuminate, verticels often 6-flowered, flow- 
ers larger (14-16 mm.) and standard less pubescent. L. flexuosus 
is characterized by its densely leafy stems, leaflets smaller, often 
conduplicate, less silky, subvillous and appressed, rarely somewhat 
spreading pubescence, shorter and more abrupt raceme, with flowers 
more scattered and smaller (10 mm.) bracts and pedicels longer and 
more densely pubescent standard. The former appears to be found 
mainly west of the Divide, where the two seem to intergrade and 


78 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


westward. Bozeman, Aug. 30, 1899; Columbia Falls, July 20, 1900; 
Kalispell, July.23, 1900; Missoula, June 30, 1903; Arlee, Aug. 5, 1901; 
Leonia, Sept. 16, 1900; Libby Cr., July 26, 1900; Ennis, July 17, 1899; 
Big Timber, July 15, 1902; Melville, July 21, 1901. 


Lupinus Hellerae,Rydberg, Flora, 231. See L. cawlescens above. 


Lupinus laxus, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 30:258. 
“Forks of the Madison, 1897, Rydberg & Bessey, 4442 & 4443.” 


Lupinus minimus, Dougl. Flat-top Mtn., Teton Co., 7000 ft., 
July 5, 1897, R. S. Williams; Mt. Henry, Midvale, 7-8000 ft., July 16, 
1903, L. M. Umbach, 94, 175, 304, 398; Upper Marias Pass, east 
side, 7000 ft., Aug. 4, 1883. W. M. Canby, 67 (Gray Herb.). 


Lupinus ornatus, Dougl. See JL. fleruosus, Lindl. above. 
Thompson Falls, Aug. 6, 1901; Big Fork, Aug. 25, 1901, L. M. Um- 
bach, 589. 


Lupinus pulcherrimus, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 30:258. 
“Divide between McDonald and Camas Lakes, 1901, F. K. Vreeland, 
996; Little Belt Pass, 1896, Rydberg, 3318, J. H: Flodman, 620; 
Baltic, 1900, E. V. Wilcox, 58.” 


Lupinus Rydbergii, n. sp.: L. Hellerae, Rydberg, Flora, 231. 

A short-caulescent, herbaceous perennial, 2-3 dm. high: leaves | 
mainly radical on long (5-10 cm.) petioles; leaflets 8-10, oblanceo- 
late, acute, 3-4 cm. long, 6-9 mm. wide, coarsely canescent to sub- 
villous with white appressed pubescence: racemes 8-14 cm. long and 
about 3 cm. in diameter, exserted above the leaves on peduncies 
about half as long: bracts linear, deciduous; pedicels 5-7 mm. iong; 
calyx slightly gibbous: corolla blue or purplish, 10 mm. long: stand- 
ard with white or yellowish center, naked; keel ciliate, white below: 
legume 3-5 seeded, densely silky villous. Dry ridges and uplands 
of the lower mountains mainly. Certainly near L. Hellerae, Heller, 
but differs in its smaller flowers and pubescence. The tyyiical 
Hellerae has not yet been found in the state. Near L. axillaris above. 

Big Coulee Cr., Sweet Grass Co., June 15, 1902; Menida. June 26, 
1902; 16-mile Cr., July 24, 1902; Dewey, 7500 ft., June 24, 1902; 
Sedan, June 7, 1902, W. W. Jones; Columbia Falls, May 22, 1897, 
R. S. Williams. 


Lupinus Scheubere, Rydberg, Bull, Torr. Bot. Club, 29:244. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 79 


Garnet, Granite Co., July 20, 1901, Mrs. E. W. Scheuber, No. 135. 

Lupinus sericeus, Pursh., not Rydberg. See L. flexuosus, Lindl. 
In the western part of the state, rare. Plains, Missoula Co., June 
6, 1902; Monida, June 26, 1902. 


Lupinus Jonesii, n. sp. 

A herbaceous perennial with many simple stems from a branching 
caudex, puberulent, erect, slender, 2-4 dm. high: petioles appressed 
to stem or little divergent, lower 2-3 times as long as the leaves; 
stipules lanceolate-subulate, 8-12 mm. long; leaflets 8, narrowly ob- 
lanceolate, about 30 mm. long and 3-5 mm. wide, thin, glabrous above, 
appressed puberulent below, often conduplicate, apex acute: racemes 
short pedicled, often dense, 4-7 cm.long, 2 cm. wide attenu- 
ate above; bracts linear about as long as the pedicels, silky cane- 
scent, as is the gibbous calyx: flowers small, 8 mm. long, pale blue; 
standard glabrous with a white or yellowish center, wings and 
keel more or less white below, keel rarely somewhat ciliate; fruit 
silky villous, 3-seeded. Referred to L. decumbens, Torr. by some 
authors. 

Easily distinguished from the related L. alpestris, Nelson, and 
L. pseudoparviflorus, Rydberg by its smaller size, more slender stems, 
smaller, narrower leaves, narrower, more condensed raceme and 
smaller flowers, as well as its more alpine situation. Often grow- 
ing in large clumps. 

- Monida, June 26, 1902; Lower Basin of the Gallatin, July 8, 1898; 
Head of Porcupine Cr., Crazy Mts., July 18, 1902. Also collected 
in the Yellowstone Park at the Yellowstone Falls, July 8, 1899, and 


-near the Norris Geyser Basin, July 7, 1899. Named for Wyatt W. 


Jones, whose collections have aided materially in the representation 
of the botany of this region. 

The slow means of dispersion of Lupinus tends to develop local 
variations in many places and only more careful study in the field 
and herbarium will determine which are good species and varieties 
and which are mere hybrids or integrades, that the obscure na- 
ture of many of the characters of the genus now render doubtful. 


*Medicago denticulata, Willd. A bad weed in alfalfa fields, oc- 
casionally. Utica July 29, 1904. 


*Medicago lupulina, L. Occasionally introduced as a weed. 
Clyde Park, July, 1903, W. C. Simcock; Columbia Falls, Mrs. I. M. 
Kennedy; Bozeman, Aug. 8, 1904. 


80 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Oxytropis Besseyi, (Rydberg) ; Aragallus Besseyi, Rydberg, Flora, 
250 is A. Blankinshipu, Nelson, Erythea, 7:58. ‘The types of both 
were collected within a few miles of each other. The fruited speci- 
mens of Nelson were pathogenic, infected with Uredo, causing the 
ovary to remain undeveloped and an abnormal calyx, the legume in 
the species usually exceeding the calyx; otherwise they are identi- 
cal. 


Oxytropis Cusickii, Greenman, Erythea, 7:116. (J. M. Greenman). 
Mt. above Stanton Lake, Aug. 7, 1894, R. S. Williams. Hitherto 
known only from the Wallowa Mts., of East Oregon (Cusick). 


Oxvtropis multiceps, Nutt. Dewey, June 24, 1902: Big Coulee Cr., 
sweet Grass Coy, Jule is. 72002. 


Oxytropis Parryi, Gray. Our specimens have the Icaves some- 
what larger, mainly elliptical and a sparser pubescence, than in the 
type, but otherwise appear identical. 

Sperry Glacier, 8000 ft.,; Sept., 1, 1903: 


Oxytropis podocarpa, Gray. Just north of Yelicow Mtn., Teton 
Co., June 21, 1897, R. S. Williams, 1086. . Good specimens in both 
fruit and flower. 


* 


Oxytropis villosa, (Rydb.); Aragallus villosus, Rydberg, Bull. 
Torr, Bot: Club,:; 283-362 +" Craig; 1900; Vila ices 375. 


Petalostemon mnltiflerum, Nutt.; Rydberg, Flora, 238. Possibly 
an immature form of P. oligophyllum, Rydb. There mast be some er- 
ror in referring P. muiltiflorum, Nutt. to Montana, as it has not 
hitherto been found anywhere near our limits and is a more south- 
ern species. 


Petalostemon villosum, Nutt.. I question the occurrence of this 
species in the state, although a specimen in the Gray. Herbarium is 
labelled “Montana, L. F. Ward”, but may have come from east of 
our limits and there are no “sand hills” (Rydberg, Flora, 238) in the 
state. 


Petalostemon violaceum pubescens, Gray. This with more pu- 
bescent stem and leaflets is the usual form in the plains region of the 
state, though the typical glabrous wviolacewm occurs sparingly (Hel- 
ena, EK. N. Brandegee). 

Bear Tooth, Aug. 21, 1898, E. N. Brandegee; Great Falls, July to, 
i900; Wibaux, Aug. 15, 1903; Fergus Co., F. A. Spragg, 1901. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA, 81 


Trifolium andinum, Nutt. ; Rydberg, Flora, 235. Nutall never 
collected in Montana and all specimens of his collection so referred 
are in error. He ascended the Missouri River with the Bradbury 
Expedition of 1810, which did not go beyond Mercer Co., N. Dak. 
and accompanied the second Wyeth Expedition of 1834-6, which 
passed through southern Wyoming, Utah and Idaho, nearly on the 
line of the present Union Pacific Railway. This specimen doubtless 
came from the collection of the latter expedition, and is not within 
our bounds. 


Trifolium brachypus, (Wats.) ; T. longipes brachypus, Wats., Bib. 
Ind. 264, not T. subcaulescens, Gray. Dwarf, 3-7 cm. high, leaves 
shorter and less acuminate than in 7. longipes, Nutt. and peduncles 
sliortcr; in alpine situations, near melting snow. Head of Cotton- 
wood Cr., Tobacco Root Range, gooo ft., Aug. LO, 1902." 


Trifolium latifolium, Greene, Pittonia, 3:223; T. longifolium lati- 
folium, Hook. Common in coniferous forests on the river benches 
in the extreme western part of the state. 

Thompson Falls, Aug. 6, 1901; White Pine, Sept. 8, 1904. 


Trifolium macrocephalum, Poir.; 7. megacephalum, Nutt. Rydberg 
(Fleara, 234) follows Coulter (Man. R. M: Bot. 54), who accepts 
Turch’s (Fl. N. Am. 479) “At the headwaters'of the Migseniti”, now a 
part of Mfontana. The recent revision of the collection of the Lewis 
& Clerk i:\pedition (Proc. Phila. Acad. 189%: 11-49) shows the oeri- 
ginal iabel of this specimen to have been “A species of clover ncar 
Pockford camp, on high hills, April 17, 1806”, which was the Rock- 
tort camp at the Dalles of the Columbia (Coues, Lewis and Clark Ex. 
3: 950-953) and nowhere near our limits. The species has not been 
found in Montana... Boise, Idaho is the nearest locality yet found for 
the species. ‘ 


Trifolium Montanense, Rydberg, Flora, 236. I doubt the possi- 
bility of separating this from 7. Parry, Gray, as the type of the lat- 
ter species is the small form, 7-10 cm, high, and there appears to be 
little relation between size and leaf-width, though the size and lensth 
of the involucral bracts correspond fairly well. Moreover, while’ 
our Montana plants are usually small with leaflets broader than in 
the type of Parry, the narrow leaved forms occur, as on Mt. Hya- 
lite, along with the other form and the larger bracted forms are found, 
as on the Spanish Peaks, having the low size and wider leaf. 


82 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Trifolium Parryi, Gray. See T. Montanense before. 


*Trifolium procumbens, L. The hop clover is an occas. nal weed 
in gardens. Loveman, Oct. 7, 1903. Introduced with garden seed. 


*Vicia sativa, L. Introduced at Plains, Aug. 9, 1goI. 


MALVACE. 


*Hibiscus Trionum, L. A weed occasionally introduced in 
gardens. Bozeman, Sept. 26, 1901, Mrs. A. B. Carow. 


Malva rotundifolia, L. Not infrequent as a weed in waste 
places. Plains, Aug. 7, Igol. 


Sidalcea campestris, Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1:77. In moun- 
tain meadows at Chisholm’s Camp, head of Middle Cr., Gallatin Co,,. 
Aug., 1888, Peter Koch; same locality July 31, 1902. This is a tare 
species of the Pacific Coast west of the Cascades and its occurretice 
here in great abundance in an isolated mountain park is remarkable. 


VIOLACE AL. 

Viola arenaria, DC.; V. canina puberula, Wats.; /”. monticola, 
Rydberg, Flora, 264. Small forms with characteristic incised stip- 
ules not rare. 

Rocky Canon, Bozeman, May 26, 1900; Philipsburg, May 20, 1903, 
G. T. Bramble. 


Viola aurea, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2:°185; V. Thor, 
Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 30: 193.’ Very distinct from V. praemorsa, Doug}. 
with which it has been confused and its occurrence at this extreme 
locality has led to its being regarded as a new species.. 

Bridger Mts., Baldy, 8000 ft., June 26, 1899, in limestone “breaks” 
near the “saddle”; good typical specimens; same range farther north, 
June 1, 1901, E. J. S. Moore, See V. praemorsa below. 


Viola monticola, Rydberg, Flora, 264. The characters separating 
this from Il’. arenaria, DC. will not hold with our specimens, though 
the stipules are often entire. 


Viola praemorsa, Dougl.; I’. vallicola, A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Bot. 
Club, 26: 128; Rydberg, Flora, 262. The redescription is doubtless 
due to the confounding in most books and herbaria of V. praemorsa, 
Dougl. with V. aurea, Kell. The former, as figured by Lindley 
(Bot. Reg. t. 1254), is clearly our common yellow spring violet here; 
the leaves are identical and the premorse root is characteristic, but 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 83 


the figure shows the flowers larger and the peduncles longer than 

the normal, due doubtless to cultivation. I. aurea, Kellogg. (Proc. 

Calif. Acad. 2:185, fig. 54) is quite a different species. Praemorsa has 

leaves entire, inconspicuously serrulate or somewhat undulate and, 

except one or two of the earliest, pinnately nerved, is much less cau- 

line, and has a praemorse root while aurea more frequently has pal- 

mately nerved and sinuate-dentate leaves, is decidedly cauline and 

lias a long perpendicular, branching rootstock. There is a similar 

confusion between I’. praemorsa and V. Nuttallii, Pursh, and Hooker’s 
figure (Fl. Bor. Am. 1:79) seems nearer V. flavovirens, Pollard, 

while his var. major can hardly be anything else. V. Nuttall can 

easily be distinguished by its longer, narrower, more tapering leaves, | 
narrowed into the petiole at base and by its long, deeply penetrating 

roots, very different from the thick, premorse root of praemorsa. 

‘The latter is common in the valleys and plains of the state below 5000 

ft., passing above into the mountain V’. flavovirens, Pollard, while 

'V. aurca is subalpine at 8000 feet and above. V. Nuttallii occurs with 
i”. praemorsa, but on dry sandy hillsides and dry uplands; praemorsa 

affecting the flats and moister situations. 


Viola praemorsa altior, n. var. A tall, diffuse form of praemorsa 
with larger leaves on long petioles and less cordate at base, stems 
often produced ‘and exceeding the leaves and roots often long and 
fibrous like Nuttallii. Resembles lV’. flavovirens in leaf but is clearly 
only a rank form of praemorsa growing in loose shady soil or culti- 
vated land. Bozeman, June 20, 1899;.May, 18, 1901; Sweet Grass 
River near Melville, June 16, 1902; Lombard, June I, Igor. 


Viola renifolia, Gray. In damp woods. Belton, Aug. 19, 1902. 


Viola retusa, Greene, Pittonia, 4:6. Our specimens differ from 
Greene’s description in having the peduncles longer than the leaves, 
the petals white, varying to Blue, and by no means always retuse. 
Not the same as I’. cognata, Greene, which is found here about moun- 
tain brooks and springs in more or less shady places. 

In wet alkaline flats along Beaver Cr., Wibaux, May 25, 1902: 
Custer Station, May 29, 1890. 


Viola sarmentosa, Dougl. Yellowstone, July 9, 1802. F. N. 
Erandegee. 


$4 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


GERANIACE/. 


*Erodium circutarium, L’Her. Introduced from the Pacific coast 
and frequent in localities below. 
Thompson Falls, Aug. 8, 1901; Plains, June 6, 1902. 


Floerkia proserpinacoides, Willd. ; F. occidentalis, Rydberg, !lora, 
268. The characters separating occidentalis from prosperinacoides will 
not ald as to these specimens. Here a wean, decunibent or trati- 
ing vine, 3-5 dm. long, abundant in wet slaty places. 

Evaro, June 8, 1902. 


Geranium nervosum, Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Clim. 28S: 34. The 
fact that this is intermediate in character between G. incisum, Nutt.. 
and G. &ichardsoniu, F. & T., is found growing with those species and. 
is :clarively rare would seem to indicate a hybrid between them. 

Flathead Cr., Gallatin Co., July 16, 1902. 


Impatiens aurella, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 28: 34. Ata 
spring on the road between big Fork and Swan Lake, Mission Mts., 
Aug. 11, 1894, Millie M. Smith. Fairly typical, having the salient 
toothed leaves and the small, narrow, deep yellow flowers and long 
recurved spur of that species. 


impatiens biflora, Walt. These appear to have the small flow- 
evs and often unspotted corola of J. aurella, Rydberg (Bull. Torr. Par. 
Cin, 28: 34), but the leaves are crenate serrate and in other respects 
resemble biflora. 
Prickly-Pear Canon, July 23, 1887, R. S. Williams, 688; Wood- 
lawn, Sept. 10, 1899, E. N. Brandegee; Child’s Ranch, July 29, 1898, 
E. N. Brandegee. 


Impatiens ecalcarata, n. sp. 


g-12 dm. high: leaves ovate to ovate-elliptical, about 10 cm. long 
by 5 wide on petioles of equal length, usually acute at 
base. and apex, distantly serrate-dentate, teeth and apex 
mucronate, light green above, paler beneath, thin: cymes 
2-6 flowered in the axils of the upper leaves; bracts linear- 
lanceolate, 3 mm. long: flowers 12-15 mm. long and nearly as wide, 
orange or pale-yellow, unspotted, the saccate sepal shallow and 
rounded at base, spurless, about 13 mm. long and 10 deep, lateral 
sepals oblique-elliptical, hooked cuspidate at apex, 6 mm. long: petals. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 85 


S, the lower lateral irregular, 12-14 mm. long, the upper lateral ob- 
lanceolate, rounded at apex, 6 mm. long, upper (anterior) petal or- 
bicular to reniform, notched at apex: capsule 18 mm. long, 2-4 wide, 
irregularly nodulose. 

Near J. awrea, Muhl., but differs from that species in its ovate, 
serrate-dentate leaves and its smaller spurless flowers, in which it 
approximates J. aurella, Rydberg but has the saccate sepal very dif- 
ferent. 

Found in abundance along the damp shady margin of a small 
stream about half a mile east of Plains, Missoula county, Aug. 9, 
igot. A similar specimen collected by Dr. Lyall in the “Columbia 
Valley, 1860” has been referred to J. biflora by Trelease, as was a re- 
dated form found on “moist shady banks near the Missouri River, 
Montana, alt. 3600 ft., Sept. 7, 1883” by F. L. Scribner (No. 18), but 
this latter specimen does not exhibit the characteristic serrate den- 
‘tation of the leaves and has shorter petioles. The altitude given 
would place this locality in the vicinity of Hilger’s at the Gate of 
the Mountains. -[PLATE I], C and D]. 


*Tropzolum peregrinum, L. Canary-Bird Flower. Not rare- 
ly escaped from ornamental cultivation. Helena, E. N. Brandegee. 


LINACE#. 
Linum rigidum tenerrimum, n. var. 

Tall and slender, diffusely branching above with long internodes, 

about 3 dm. high: leaves 2-3 cm. long: capsules larger and more 
acute: sepals longer, more attenuate and persistent than the type. 
' This tall, diffuse form is very different in appearance from the 
low, rigid, more common plant of the dry upland, but is frequently 
found with it and intergrades are common. ‘The variety is more 
usual in low situations. ; 

Big Horn River, June 15, 1890; Custer Co., July 1, 1892, Mrs. J. 
FE. Light; Wibaux, July 9, 1901; Rainbow Falls of the Missouri, 
July 12, 1888, R. S. Williams, 145 in part. 


*Linum usitatissimum, L. The cultivated flax is _ fre-- 
quently persistent in old fields. 
Bozeman, July 22, 1898; Wibaux, Aug. 15, 1903. 


EUPHORBIACE. 
Euphorbia Arkansana Missouriensis, Norton, Rep. Mo. Bot. 
Gard., 11:104; E. dictyosperma, Rydberg, Flora, 267, and authors as 
io the Montana specimens. Frequent in the eastern plains. 


86 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


E. dictyosperma, F. & M. See last above. 


Euphorbia maculata, 1. <A nearly glabrous form approaching E. 
serpyllifola, Pers., but with characteristic spotted leaves. 
Forsyth, July 24, 1900. 


Euphorbia petaloidea, Engelm. Wibaux, July 9, 1901; Tusler, 
July 7, 1901. 


Euphorbia serpens, HBK. Great Falls, Oct. 24, 1886, R. S. Wil- 
liams, 160, in part; Miles City, Aug. 16, 1903. 


CALLITRICHACH AL 


Callitriche Bolanderi, Hegelm. A species close to C. palustris, L. 
but larger, with larger, rhombic-ovate leaves and styles longer than 
the fruit. Apparently not hitherto reported east of the Cascade 
Mountains, so its occurrence here on the Continental Divide is sur- 
prising. Bernice, Sept. 7, 1900, 6000 ft. 


ANACARDIACE. 

Rhus occidentalis, (Torr.); R. glabra occidentalis, Torrey, Bot. 
Wilkes Exp. 257; R. glabra, Rydberg, Flora, 479. Differs from 
R. glabra, L. in its longer (3-4 dm.), less spreading leaves, usualiy 
lurger number of leaflets (15-19), which axe less acutely serrate and 
decidedly less glaucus beneath, shorter calyx and _linear-oblong 
anthers. It is also separated in range from XX. glabra, not being 
found east of the Continental Divide, so that with the characters. 
given, it appears to be a good species. Extends from Washington 
eastward up the Clark’s Fork into Montana, but very local in distri- 
bution in the valley of that stream,.as if introduced. It occurs at 
Ravalli, Jocko and Paradise Valley. | 


Rhus Toxicodendron, L. Occurs in the typical form, both 
shrubby and climbing and should be included in our flora, even if 
the dwarf form (R.Rydbergu, Small) be regarded as distinct. 

Kalispell, July 21, 1goo. 


ACERACE. 

Acer Douglasii, Hook.; A. glabrum Douglasii, Piper. Not in- 
frequent in the forests west of the Divide, sometimes attaining a 
diameter of six inches. Distinguished from the common shrub maple 
(A. glabrum, Torr.) by being a medium-sized tree, by its larger leaves. 
(8-12 cm. long) and larger fruit. Belton, July 27, 1900. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA, 87 


Acer glabrum tripartitum, Pax.; Rydberg, Flora, 270. Whatever 
may be the validity of this variety elsewhere, its occurrence in Mon- 
tana is doubtful, though the young shoots of A. glabrwm are not 
rarely trifoliate, and occasionally there is a similar tendency in the 
foliage of the whole shrub, such sporting forms are so rare and fol- 
lage so mixed on the same shrub that they can hardly be called even 

_a variety in this region. 


Acer grandidentatum, Nutt. Described from a specimen collec- 
ed by Nuttall on the “Bear River of Timpanagos” in southwestern 
Wyoming or southeastern Idaho—not “‘N. Montana,” as in the Syn. 
Fl. 1: 440; Sargent, Sylva, 2: 100; Rydberg, Flora, 270 and elsewhere, 
for Nuttall never was in the present limits of the state of Montana. 
See remarks under Trifolum andinum, Nutt. (p. 81). “Headwaters 
of the Columbia River” locality arose from the reference of a speci- 
men of A. barbatum, Dougl. collected in “Valleys near springs on the 
west side of the Rocky Mountains, near the sources of the Columbia” 
(Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 248) from Hooker (FI. Bor.. Am, 1: 
113), a specimen which Hooker afterwards renamed correctly A.. 
Douglasu (Lond. Jour. Bot. 6: 77), so all references of the species to 
Montana are inerror. A. grandidentatum ranges northward to Evan- 
ston, Wyo. (Nelson) and Pocatello, Idaho (Henderson). 


VEDAC HAS. 


Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michx. Often in ornamental cultiva- 
tion, apparently indigenous along the Missouri and lower Yellow- 
stone. Poplar, July 12, 1900; Arden, July 15, 1900; Glendive, 1903. 


Vitis vulpina, L. Not infrequent in the bottoms of the Little 
Big Horn River and reported thence down the Big Horn and Yel- 
lowstone Rivers. 

Crow Agency, July 15, 1901. 


BOASAGEHAS 


Mentzelia nuda, Torr. & Gray. Probably not rare in the sandy 
eastern plains. Miles City, Aug. 16, 1903. 


LYTHRACEA. 


Ammannia alcalina, n. sp. 
A low annual, 8-12 cm. high, glabrous, divaricately branching from 
the base: leaves oblanceolate, narrowed abruptly to an acute or ob- 
tuse apex, sessile and somewhat auriculate at base, often purplish, 


$8 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


2-3 cm. long: flowers 1-3 in each axil, apparently apetalous, stamens 
4, included; style much less than half the length of capsule, I mm. 
jong, often nearly sessile: capsule globose, 4 mm. diameter, enclosed 
dey the prominently 8-veined calyx. In wet alkali flats. 

Tske Bowdoin, near Malta, Aug. 25, 1903; Milk River, Aug. 19, 
(1853-4), Suckley (Gray Herb.). 

Differs from A. coccinea, Rottb. in its small size, stem not fleshy at 
base, leaves usually wider and more abrupt at apex and short style. 
More nearly related to A. Koehnei, Britton, but much smaller, apeta- 
lous and of different range. The Milk River specimens of Suckley 
are called A. latifolia, L. by Watson (Bot. Calif. 1:214). A related 
specimen from the Columbia River, Oregon (Suksdorf), but petal- 
iferous, is called A. coccinea, Rottb. by Koehne, even though the 
styles'are less than one-fourth the length of the capsule (Gray 

Herb.). 


ONAGRACEE. 


Ks Epilobium palustre, L. Mountain near Columbia Falls, Aug. 
20, 1904, R. S. Williams. 


OEnothera andina, Nutt.; Sphaerostigma andinum, Walp.; Ryd- 
berg, Flora, 281, and various authors; apparently not yet found in 
Montana. The Blackfoot River, where Nuttall collected it, is in 
southeastern Idaho. It should occur in this state, as Macoun has 
it from several localities in Assiniboia, just north. 


OEnothera brachycarpa, Gray. Watson, Rev. Oen., Proc. Amer 
Acad. 8:586; Coulter, Man. R. M. Bot., 104; Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. 
Club, 23 :183, and others, following Watson, who seems to base his 
assertion on a specimen in the Gray Herbarium collected in Mon- 
tana by Winslow J. Howard about 1866, which is cersainly only an 
wnfruited specimen of OE. caespitosa, Nutt. and is mounted on a shect 
with OF. Wrightu, Gray. The two may be easily distinguished by 
the larger flowers, winged fruit and dense canescence of OF:. hrachy- 
corpa and the smaller flowers, usually tuberculate, cristate fruit and 
nearly glabrous leaves of caespitosa. OF. brachycarpa is a much 
more southern species. . 


OEnothera depressa, Greene, Pittonia, 2:216. See OE. muricata be- 
low. 


OEnothera muricata, L., Syst. 12 ed, 263; OE. biennis muricata, 
Lindl., Bot. Reg. t. 1604; OE. depressa, Greene, Pittonia, 2: 216; 
Onagra depressa, Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23 :170; Rydberg, Flora, 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA, 89 


2709; O. strigosa, Rydberg, Flora, 278. This is the common strigose, 
muricate, western form of OF. biennis, L. and, as it has a distinct 
range from the type and well marked characters, had best be regard- 
ed as a species. Greene’s OE. depressa was grown in the botanic 
garden at Berkeley, California from seeds of the common erect Mon- 
tana plant, collected by myself at Custer Station, Aug. 19, 1890 and 
which is still in my herbarium and differs in no respect from the 
O. strigosa, Rydb. The peculiar form of the plant described by 
Greene is due to cultivation and new climatic conditions. Here 
an erect annual or biennial in low ground and occasionally a weed 
in fields and waste places, like OF. biennis, L. 


OEnothera strigosa, (Rydberg), Flora, 278. See OE. muricata 
above. 


UMBELLIFERA, 


Angelica Dawsoni, Wats.; Thaspiuwn aureum involucratum, Coulter 
& Rose. Columbia Falls, July 12 & Aug. 18, 1894, R. S. Williams; 
Borax, Aug. 8, 1901. . 


Angelica Roseana, Henderson, Cont. Nat. Herb. 5:201; 1. c. 7: 
159. Tree limit, Spanish Peaks, July 20, 1901, Jacob Vogel; Head 
of Cottonwood Cr., Tobacco Root Range, gooo ft., Aug. 10, 1902. 


_ Bupleurum purpureum, n. sp. 
B. ranunculoides, A. Nelson, (?) Bull. Wyo. Agr. Exp. Sta. 28:115. 
Perennial from a long ligneous rootstock, branched above and 
producing about three (1-5) erect or somewhat spreading stems 
3-10 cm. high; glabrous and somewhat glaucus: basal leaves numer- 
ous, linear-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long and 3-6 mm. wide; cauline one 
to three, shorter and wider, sessile and more or less clasping, ovate- 
oblong to elliptical, 2-5 cm. long, not prominently nerved: involucre 
of 4-5 ovate, acute, unequal bracts; those of the involucels about 6, 
obovate to elliptical and relatively wide and obtuse, rarely acute, 
3-nerved: primary rays of umbel about 5, unequal, 2-12 mm. long; 
secondary rays 10-12 very short; umbels 5-7 mm. diameter: flowers 
about half as large (1-2mm.) as in B. Americanum; petals and sty- 
lopodium dark purple, rarely yellow, anthers yellow: carpel with 
prominent ribs and well-marked strengthening cells, oil-tubes 1-3, 
usually 3, in each interval. 
Not infrequent in alpine situations and appears to intergrade with 
5. Americanum in intermediate altitudes. It is readily distinguished 


90 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


PLAGE ATE: 


BUPLEURUM PURPUREUM, BLANKINSHIP. 


A. Plant natural size. C. Fruit XK 15. 
B. Flower X 15. D. Mericarp, section X 1, - 
E. Bracts of ir volucel X 5. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 91 


from this species by its low, subcaulescent habit, shorter leaves, the 
wider, obtuse bracts of the involucels, smaller heads, smaller, dark 
purple flowers, shorter mericarps with fewer oil-tubes in the inter- 
vals and its alpine situation. 

Mt. Hyalite, Gallatin Co., 10,000 ft. alt., Aug. 1, 1902; Black Butte, 
Tobacco Root Range, 10,000 ft. alt., Aug. 11, 1902; Bridger Mts. 
O,00oitaalt:,. Aug..29,W. W.Jones.. {PLATE ILL. | 


Carum montanum, n. sp. 

Roots fusiform, fascicled, fleshy: stems erect, 8-12 dm. high, 
glabrous and channeled: leaves with wide inflated, clasping petioles, 
2-3 dm. long, odd-pinnate with about 5 pairs of leaflets; leaflets ir- 
regularly cleft into several lanceolate or oblanceolate, acuminate di- 
vergent divisions, 4-8 cm. long and 5-10 mm. wide; uppermost usual- 
ly simply pinnate with linear-lanceolate leaflets; umbels 13-17 rayed; 
primary rays 2-4% cm. long, secondary 4-8 mm.; involucre of 2-4 
filiform bracts, 5-lo mm. long; involucéls of short linear bractlets, 
as in C. Gairdneri: petals prominent and sepals evident, as long as 
the stylopodium, the latter depressed conical and style 1 mm. long: 
the oil-tubes large and solitary in the intervals: fragrant. 

Distinguished from C. Gairdneri, Gray by its larger size, larger 
leaves and pinnately incised leaflets with lanceolate or oblanceolate 
segments, its larger fruit and longer styles. Near C. Oreganum, 
Wats. from which it is separated by its long. lanceolate incised leaf- 
lets, short linear bractlets of the involucels and its larger size. 

In low thickets, Bozeman, Aug. 11, 1898; Flathead-Brackett Cr., 
Divide, Aug. 18, 1899; Hills of Lapwai, Clearwater Valley, Idaho, 
Winesis eos eL. Es Lenderson,-4868 (Gray Herb.). [PLATE LV]. 


Conioselinum scopulorum, Coult. & Rose; Ligusticwm scopulorum,* 
Gray. Borax, Coeur D’Alene Mts., 5500 ft., Aug. 8, Igo1, in low 
ground. 


Cymopterus Parryi, Jones; Coulter & Rose, Cont. Nat. Herb. 7: 
182. “Gallatin Co., Tweedy, May, 1888”. 


Cymopterus terebinthinus, Rydberg, Flora, 292, is Pterixia thap- 
soides, Nutt. 


Glycosma ambigua, Gray; Washingtonia ambigua, Coult. & Rose. 
Broadwater swamp, Helena, June 11, 1898, E. N. Brandegee. 

Osmorrhiza divaricata, (Rydberg); Washingtonia  divaricata, 
Rydberg, 4.7 Flora; Go; is O. obtusa, Fernald (Wash- 
mgtona obtusa, Coult.. &* Rose, Cont. Nat. Herb: . 7:64). 


92 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


PLATE IV. 


CARUM MONTANUM, BLANKINSHIP. 


A. Lower leaf half natural size. Beer rut Kole: C. Same, section, 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 93 


Rydberg transposing this and O. divaricata, Nutt. and redescribing 


the latter as Washingtoma intermedia, Rydberg, Flora, 289. The true 
O. divaricata, Nutt. is rare in Montana. 


Osmorrhiza intermedia, (Rydberg) ; Washingtonia intermedia, Ryd- 
berg, Flora, 289, is O. divaricata, Nutt. 


Osmorrhiza Leibergii, (Coult. & Rose); Washingtoma Leibergit, 
Coult. & Rose, Cont. Nat. Herb. 7:66. Camp below Sperry Giacier, 
Cooo tt Kept, 15-1903: 


Osmorrhiza obtusa, Fernald; Washingtonia obtusa, Coult. & Rose; 
WV. divaricata, Rydberg, Flora, 290. Frequent in the state in low 
shady places. 


Peucedanum circumdatum, Rydberg, Flora, 286, is P. montanum, 
(Coult. & Rose). The true P. circwmdatum, Wats. is found only west- 
ward of our limits. 


Peucedanum Cous, Rydberg, Flora,,285, is P. montanum (Coult. 
& Rose, Cont. Nat. Herb. 7:215), as to the Montana specimens. 


Peucedadum Cusickii, Wats. Beaverhead Co., near Dewey, 7,006 
ft., near melting snow, June 24, 1902. Although the specimens are 
without mature fruit and the flowers seem yellow on drying, the small 
size, finely dissected, glabrous leaves and glabrous stem will hardly 


_ permit its being placed elsewhere. 


Peucedanum montanum, (Coult. & Rose); Lomatiwm montanum, 
Coult. & Rose, Cont. Nat. Herb. 7:215 ; Peucedanum circumdatum, Ryd- 
berg, Flora, 286; P. Cous, Rydberg, Flora, 285 in part. Common in 
the mountainous parts of the state. The acaulescent form is now 
separated from the caulescent P. circumdatum, Wats., as P. montanunt. 


Peucedanum orientale, (Coult. &, Rose); Lomatiwm orientale, 
Coult & Rose, Cont. Nat. Herb. 7:220. Custer Station, Apr. 24 and 
May 3, 1890; Miles City, May 26, 1902. Dry uplands. 


Pterixia thapsoides, Nutt.; Cymopterus terebinthinus, Rydberg, 
Flora, 292. Comman on dry hillsides in the mountains, 3-5000 ft. 
Difficult to distinguish from P. terebinthina. ‘“Leaf-segments green- 
er and not so rigid,” can be said only of the species in flower, as 
in mature fruit the leaves are quite as pale and rigid as in P. terebin- 
thina, though the fruit is characteristic. 

Bozeman, May. 14, 1900; Flathead-Brackett Cr. Divide, Aug. 18, 


94 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. ~ 


3899; Helena, June 15, 1899, E. N. Brandegee. 


Zizia aurea, Koch. Flathead-Brackett Cr. Divide, Aug. 18, 
2899: Arrow Cr., R. S. Williams, Sept. 1886, Coulter & Rose, Cont. 
Nati Werbiez:o8. 


CORNACE. 


Cornus Baileyi, Coult. & Evans, Bot. Gaz. 15:37. This is the com- 
mon dogwood west of the Divide, C. stolonifera, Michx. being there 
much more rare. It is easily distinguished from the latter by its 
larger size (often 8 feet or more high), brownish-green bark, pur- 
plish only on the younger twigs; large (7 x 12 cm.), broadly ovate 
leaves, somewhat woolly pubescent below, and fruit with a peculiar 
broad flat seed. Forms with nearly orbicular flattened and pointed 
seeds occur, but otherwise like the type. The seeds of C. stolonifera 
in Montana are nearly always strongly oblique. 

. Belton, July 27, 1900; Troy, July 25, 1900; Columbia Falls, Sept. 
16, 1892, R. S. Williams. 


ERICACBEA. 


' Gaultheria Myrsinites, Hook. Spanish Peaks, 8-go000 ft., Sept. 
20, 1901, Jacob Vogel; Mt. Hyalite, 10,000 ft., Aug. I, 1902. 


Menziesia urceolaris, Rydberg, Flora, 297, is M. glabella, Gray. It 
ts clearly an error to refer wrceeolaris to Montana. Collections made in 
nearly every part of the state fail to show it and the specimen Ryd- 
berg cites (Kelsey, Granite, 1902) is good M. glabella, Gray, though 
its filaments are glabrous, like most other species of glabella in the 
state. The leaves and young parts of the true wrecolaris are strigose- 
hirsute, the leaves more acute and the flowers nearly twice as large 
as in glabella. 


Phyllodoce hybrida, Rydberg and F. mtermedia, Rydberg, Flora, 
298, appear to be, as the author suggests, mere ‘hybrids between 
Bryanthus empetriformis, Gray, and B. glanduliflorus, Gray. as they oc- 
cur only where these two species are growing together and their 
characters are intermediate between them. 


Pyrola bracteata, Hook.; P. rotundifolia bracteata, Gray. Easily 
distinguished from P. “ilisbisa Torr., by its taller, red scapes, large 
bracts and denticulate, aéutish leaves. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 95 


Belton, Aug. 21, 1903, L: M: Umbach, 723; Big Fork, Aug. 11, 
1901, L. M. Umbach, 143; Summit, Sept. 12, 1902. 


Pyrola secunda pumila, Paine. Smaller than the type; the lat- 
ter found mainly west of the Divide; -frequent. 

Lower Basin of the Gallatin, 6000 ft., July 7, 1898; Spanish Basin, 
Aug. 25, 1899; Middle Cr. Canyon, 6500 it., July 31, 1902; Gould, 
Oct., 1902, Owen Byrnes!’ 71;)Indian'Cr.,; July.. 21, 1897, 8000 it., 
Rydberg & Bessey, 4646; Jack Cr. Canyon, July 15, 1897, 7000 it., 
Rydberg & Bessey, 4644. 


Vaccinium caespitosum arbuscula, Gray; I’. arbuscula, Howell, 
Fl. N. W. Am. 411. Our form-has narrow, oblanceolate, acute leaves, 
but appears to belong here. Forms appear to pass into l’. myrtil- 
loides, Hook., with which Rydberg seems to have placed it. 
Evaro, June 8, 1902; Gallatin Co., Mrs. M. L. Alderson ;.Belt Park, 
Aug. 16, 1886, R. S. Williams, 538. 


Vaccinium Canadense, Kalm. In open woodlands. 
Belton, Aug. 19, 1903, L. M. Umbach; Aug. 19, 1902. 


Vaccinium erythrococcum,+Rydberg, Flora, 301; V. Myrtillus micro- 
phyllum, Hook. Must give place to lV. scoparium, Leiberg, below. 


Vaccinium Myrtillus, L. Frequent in the mountains, but at 

a somewhat lower altitude (5-8000 ft.) than V’. scopariwm, Lieberg, 
with which it intergrades. 

Porcupine Cr., Crazy Mts., 8000 ft., July 18, 1902; Tobacco Root 

Range, 8000 ft., Aug. 9, 1902; Columbia Falls, Aug. 30, 1895, R. S. 


- Williams, 492; Belt Park, Aug. 13, 1886, R. S. Williams, 492. 


Vaccinium scoparium, Leiberg, Cont. Nat. Herb. 5: 103; V. 
erythrococcum, Rydberg. Common on shady mountain slopes. 


PRIMULACE. 


Primula Americana, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 28:500, 
Separated from the European P. farinosa, L. 


GEN TTANACHAL: 


Erythraea Douglasii, Gray. Big Horn River near Custer Sta- 
tion, Aug. 24, 1890. 


Frasera speciosa angustifolia, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 
31: 632. “Lima, 1895,.Shear, 3369.” 


96 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES, i 


OLEACE. 


Fraxinus viridis, Michx. The green ash is common along the 
lower Yellowstone River from the Big Horn River eastward and 
down the Missouri from Hinsdale. Crow Agency, July 15, 1901; 
Arden, July 15, 1900; Poplar, July 12, 1900. 


CONVOLVULACEA: 


Cuscuta Epithymum, Murr. Parasitic on alfalfa; probably in- 
troduced from Utah. Livingston, Aug. 8, 1898,.and other localities. 


Cuscuta inflexa, Engelm. Parasitic on Salix and Glycyrrhiza 
lepidota along the banks of the Missouri. Poplar, July 12, i9cc; 
Glaszow, July 17, 1900, on Salix; Great Falls, July 10, 1902. on Gly- 
cyrrhiza lepidota. 

Evoivuius argenteus, Pursh. Big Hforn River near Custer Sta- 
tion, July 2, 1890; Billings, June 30, 1902. 

Ipomoea leptophylla, Torr. Big Horn River, near Custer Sta- 
tion, Aug. 10, 1890. Dry hillsides, not,infrequent there. 


HY DROPPIN Gh: 


Romanzofha Sitchensis, Bongard. Mt. Henry, Teton Co., Aug. 
15, 1897, R. S. Williams; Sperry Glacier, 8000 ft., Sept. 1, 1903, in 
spray of falls; Stanton Lake, 7500. ft., Aug. 7, 1894, R. S. Williams, 
1032. 


BORRAGINACE. 


*Cynoglossum officinale, L. Big Timber, July, 1900, V. K. 
Chesnut; July 13, 1901. A weed in waste places; infrequent. 


Hel:otropium spathulatum, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Pet. Club, 
30:262. Separated from H. Curassavicum, L., and includes all the 
Montana specimens. 


Krinitzkia pustulata, n. n.; Orcocarya affimis, Greene, not Krin- 
itz) a affinis, Gray. Resembles K. glomerata, Gray, but easily distin- 
guished by its larger size, its coarse hispid pubescence with promin~ 
ent pustulate-based hairs, its more spreading scorpoid racemes and 
its narrower, tuberculate (not rugose) nutlets. A species of the 
eastern plains, while K. glomerata is more frequent in the mountains 
and foothills. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 97 


Wibaux, July 9, 1901; Glendive, July 9, 1901; Arden, July 15, 
7900; Culbertson, June 11, 1901; Billings, July 7, 1902; Trail Cr., 
Park Co., July 2, 1899; Livingston, July, 1886, F. Tweedy, 1172. 


Lappula trachyphylla, Piper, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 29:540. 
“Winslow J. Howard.in Montana.” 


*Lithosperum arvense, L. Bozeman, June 11, 1901, W. W. Joiies, 

Mertensia membranacea, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 28:33; 
M, pamculata, Rydberg, Flora, 336. “Electric Peak, 1897, Rydberg 
& Bessey, 4864.” 

Mertensia paniculata, Rydberg, Flora, 336, is M. membranacea, 
Rydberg, above. 

Mertensia subpubescens, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 30: 261. 
To segregate this from M. Siberica, Don merely on leaf pubescence 
is questionable, unless there be some biological factor of range, habi- 
tat or period of blooming to separate them, which is doubtful. 

Myosotis macrosperma, Engelm. Big Fork, June 29, 1902, M.-J. 
Elrod. 

*Symphytum officinale, L. Streets and waste places. imtro- 
duced; rare. Bozeman, July 13, 1&8. 


VERBENACE-E. : 
Verbena stricta, Vent. Frequent in the bottoms along the 
Little Big Horn River at the Crow Agency, July 14, Igor. 


LABIAT AL. 
*Hyssopus officinalis, L. Escaped from gardens; infrequent. 
Kalispell, July 21, 1900. m 
*Lamium amplexicaule, L. Occasional as a weed in gardens, 


Ennis, Aug. 20, 1900. 


Lycopus Virginicus, L- In sphagnum bogs at the head of Lake 
McDonald, Aug. 29, 1903, L. M. Umbach. There common. 


*Nepeta Glechoma, Benth. Occasionally escaped from ornamen- 
tal cultivation. Livingston, May 24, 1892, Miss E. Gay; Bozeman 
1902. 


*Salvia lanceolata, Willd. -Streets of Helena, introduced. 
Sept. 19, 1903; Sept. 10, 1898, E. N. Brandegee. 


98 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. : 


SOLANACEE. 


*“Hyoscyamus niger, L. A weed in the streets and waste 
places introduced. Billings, E. V. Wilcox, May, 19c; Big Timber, 
June 15, 1900, V. K. Chesnut; Bozeman, Sept., 1900. 


*Physalis ixocarpa, Brot.; P. cequata Jacq. f. Persistent in old 
wardens after cultivation. Bozeman, Aug. 18, 18938. 


Physalis heterophylla, Nees.; P. Virginiana, Gray. Apparently 
native. Forsyth, July 24, 1901. 


SCROPHULARIAC HAE: 

*Linaria vulgaris, Mill. Frequently escaped from ornamental 
cultivation. Crow Agency, July 15, 1901; Missoula, 1903 ; Columbia 
Fall, Sept. 9, 18099. 

Mimulus Langsdorfi alpinus, (Gray); Minuilus tuteus alpinus, 
Gray. Mt. Hyalite, 10,000 ft., Aug.:1, 1902. 


Orthocarpus pachystachyus, Rydberg, Flora, 362 is O. — tenuifolius, 
Benth., as shown by the yellow corolla not exceeding 18 mm. in 
length. O. pachystachyus, Gray seems never to have been found 
except in the original locality, where it was collected by Greene. 
See Pittonia, 4:101. 


Penstemon Wilcoxii, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 28: 28. 
“Kalispell, 1900, E. V. Wilcox, 370 & 368”. 
*Verbdscum Blattaria, L. The moth mullein is common as 
an introduced weed in many places along the railroad between 
Missoula and Thompson Falls. Thompson Falls, Aug. 8, Igor. 


*Veronica Byzantina, B.S. P. Occasionally as a weed in gar- 
dens; imported with garden seed, but rarely persistent. Bozeman, 
Sept. 29, 1900. 


OROBANCHACEZ. 


Aphyllon uniflorum, Gray. Columbia Falls, July 10, 1895, R. S. 
Williams; Belt R. & Martinsdale, June 6, 1884, R. S. Williams, 3 
& 239; Mt. Hyalite, 8500 ft., Aug. 1, 1902. 


LENTIBULARIACEZ. 


Utricularia minor, L. Ditches near the Sweet Grass River, 
“Melville, June 21, 1901. Not in bloom but can hardly be any- 
thing else. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 99 


PLANTAGINACE. 


*Plantago lanceolata, L. Occasionally introduced with grass 
and garden seed. Bozeman, Aug. 8, 1904. 

Plantago spinulosa, Dcne.; P. Patagonica spinulosa, Gray. Re- 
ported in Montana by E. L. Morris, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 28: 117. 


CAPRIPOLIAGH A. 
Sambucus Canadensis, Rydberg, Flora, 370. is S. glaiwa, Nutt. 
Sambucus glauca, Nutt. Common in low ground west of the 
Divide. Missoula, June 25, 1897,,M. J. Elrod; Flathead Lake, 
July 27, 1900; Plains, Aug. 7, 1901; St. Ignatius, Sept. 7, 1899;-Troy, 
July 25, 1900; Leonia, Sept 14, 1900. 


VALERIANACEA:. 


*Valerianella macrocera, Gray. In hill pastures back of Plains, 
June 6, 1902. Probably introduced by sheep from the west. 


COMPOSITAE. 
Achillea Millefolium, L. The typical, more glabrous eastern 
plant is not infrequent in the region west of the Divide. 
Swan Lake, June, 1902, M. J. Elrod, 112. 
“Ambrosia trifida, L. Frequent as a weed along the Great 
Northern R. R, from Havre eastward; probably introduced. 
Arden, July 15, 1900; Poplar, July 12, 1900; Savoy, July 18, 1900; 
Chinook, Sept. 10, 1900; -Havre, July 28, 1900; Crow Agency, July 
15, I19OI. 
Antennaria arida humilis, E. Nelson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23: 
710; A. foliacea humilis, Rydb., Flora 414. 
“Brdger Mountains, Rydberg & Bessey, No. 5149.” 
Antennaria corymbosa, E. Nelson; Rydberg, Flora, 413, is 
A. nardina, Greene, according to Nelson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23: 
707. . 
Antennaria foliacea, Rydberg, Flora, 413, is A. reflexa, E. Nel- 
son, according to the latter, Proc..U..S.. Nat. Mus. 23: 703. 
Antennaria foliacea, Rydberg, Flora, 413, is A. oxyphylla, Greene, 
in part at least (Pittonia, 4:284). 


100 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


A. foliacea humilis, Rydberg, is A. arida humilis, E. Nelson, 1. ¢. 


Antennaria Howellii, Greene Pittonia, 3: 174. “Montana”, 
IE. Nelson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23: 713; Columbia Falls, June 8, 
1894, R. S. Williams, 1019; Thompson Falls, June 7, 1902. 


A. nardina, Greene, Pittonia, 4:82; A. corymbosa, E. Nelson, 1. ¢. 


Antennaria oblancifolia, E. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 30:121. Bridger 
Mts., June 26, 1899. 


Antennaria oxyphylla, Greene, Pittonia, 4: 284; A. foliacea, Ryd- 
berg, Flora, 413. ‘Spanish Basin, Gallatin’Co., Rydberg & Bessey, 
No. 5148”. 

Antennaria pulvinata, Greene, Pittonia, 3: 287; A. media, Ryd- 
berg, Flora, 410, in part at least. ae Butte, 1887, R. S. Williams, 

720, as citediby E: Nelson,,Proc.<UiS) NateMus) 2327702: 


Antennaria pulvinata albescens, E. Nelson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 
23:702. Bridger Mts., June 18, 1897, Rydberg & “Bessey, mare 
as quoted. 


Aplopappus Andersonii, (Rydb.) ; Stenotus Andersonu, Rydberg, 
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 27:615. “Belt Mts., 1886, F. W. Anderson”. 


Aplopappus integrifolius pumilus, (Rydberg) ; Pyrrocoma integ- 
rifoia pumila, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 27:626; P. Howellii, 
Rydberg, Flora, 382. . “Butte, 1895, Rydberg”. 


Aplopappus rigidus, (Rydberg); Pyrrocoma rigida, Rydberg, 
Bull. Tort. Bot. Club, 27, 624. Separated from A. carthamoides, 
Gray. “Columbia Falls, 1894, R. S. Williams”. 


*Arctium Lappa, L. The burdock is not rare as a weed in a 
few localities. Big Timber, July 11, 1901; Libby Creek, July 26, 
1900. 


*Artemisia annua, L. An introduced weed in waste places at 
Billings, Aug. 29, 1904. 


Aster angustus, Torr. & Gray; Brachyactis angustus, Britton. 
‘Frequent in alkali soil. 
Great Falls, Sept. 16, 1886, R. S. Williams; Havre, Sept. 15, 1900; 
Chinook, Sept. 10, 1900; Malta, Sept. 9, 1900; Columbia Falls, Sept. 
17, 1894, R. S. Williams; Custer Station, Aug. 24, 1890. 


Aster crassulus, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 28: 504. is 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 101 


Aster hesperius, Gray. (G. H. Shull). 


- Kalispell, Sept. 8, 1899; Leonia, Sept. 14, 1900. 


Aster Nelsonii, Greene, Pittonia, 4:219. (G. H. Shull). Boze- 
Mma, Ag. 20,1600; steele ,eton, Co., Aug. 20, Igor. 


Aster ptarmicoides, Torr. & Gray. Wibaux, Aug. 15, 1903. 
Rare. 


Aster Sibericus, L. Common along the gravel margins of the 
Flathead River, July 27, 1900, and of the Koutenai above Leonia, 
Sept/14, 1900; diso.Cenderfoot. Cr, Teton Co., July 31, 1891, R. S. 
Williams. 


Balsamorrhiza floccosa, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 27 :629. 
Separated from B. Hookeri, Nutt. “Spanish Basin, 1897, Rydberg & 
Bessey, 5175.” 

Bidens frondosa, L. [Eastern plains, rare. 3 

Sand Coulee, 1886, R. S. Wiliams; Box Elder Cr., Valley Co., 
July 14, 1900; Crow Agency, July 15, Igor. 

*Centaurea Cyanus, L. The corn-flower is a frequent escape 

from ornamental cultivation. Bozeman, 1902; Missoula, 1903. 


Chrysopsis villosa discoidea, Gray. ‘‘Canyons of W. Montana, 


~ Watson.” Syn. Flora, 1:123. 


*Cichorium Intybus, L. The chickory is introduced in a few 
localities and promises to be permanent. Holt, July 23, rgoo. 


*Cnicus lanceolatus, Willd. The Scotch thistle is frequent 
along railroads and in many localities in the western part of 
the state. Kalispell, July 21, 1900; White Pine, Sept. 9, 1904, and 
other localities. 


Erigeron Nelsonii, Greene, Pittonia, 3 e200 1 (G70? da, Ontilk 
Bozeman, July 1, 1808. 


*Galinsoga parviflora, Cav. Occasional as a weed about green- 
houses. Bozeman, Apr. 19, 1901. 


Helianthus Maximiliani, Schrad. Frequent in low ground 
along the Missouri River from Malta eastward. 
Missouri River, near Calais, July 14, 1900; Malta, Sept. 9, Beet 
Upper Little Big Horn River, July 13, 1890. 


Lactuca Canadensis, L. Big Fork, Aug. 8, 1904. Millie M. 
Smith. 


102 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


*Madia filipes, Gray. An abundant weed introduced in waste 
places in the extreme western part of the state. 


Troy, July 25, 1900; Thompson Falls, Aug. 8, 1901. 


*Madia dissitiflora, Torr & Gray; M. sativa disitiflera, Gray. 
A weed introduced from westward along the railway. [hoiupson 
Palls; eg uses oor 


Petasites dentata, n. sp. 

P. sagitiata, Gray, in Brew. & Wats, Bot. Calif. 12407; Syieeiae 
1: 376; not Tussilago sagitiata, Pursh, FIN. Am os3i. > In Pitireme 
description of the latter the radical leaves are said to be “oblongis 
acutis sagitatis integerrimis, lobis obtusis,’ which cannot apply to 
the common Rocky Mountain species with broadly ovate-hastate, 
repand-dentate radical leaves meant by Gray. T. sayittata of Pursh 
is from Hudson’s Bay. M. L. Fernald of the Gray Herbarium 
first noted this species as distinct from that described by Pursh, 
but I do not find it elsewhere distinguished. 


Petasites sagittata, Rydberg, Flora, 484 and authors, as to the 
Rocky Mountain species, is P: dentata above. 


Pyrrocoma Howell, Rydberg, Flora, 382 is Aplopappus inte grifolius 
pumilus. 


Rudbeckia ampla, A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 28:234. 
Appears to include all the Rocky Mountain R. lacimata, L. 


Rudbeckia laciniata, Rydberg, Flora, 416, is the last. 


Senecio alpicola, Rydberg, Flora, 447, is S. saxosus, Klatt. (J. 
M. Greenman). 


= 


Senecio altus, Rydberg, Flora, 443, is ‘. sphaerocephalus, Greene. 
(J. M. Greenman). | 


Senecio atriapiculatus, Rydberg, Flora, 442; apparently identical 
with S. Hookeri, Torr. & Gray. (J. M. Greeman). 


Senecio Balsamitae, Rydberg, Flora, 446 is S. flavovirens, Rydberg. 


Senecio debilis, Nutt.;° S. nephrophyllus, Rydberg, 446? (J. M. 
Greenman). Fair Grounds, Helena, July 23, 1898, E. N. Brandegee; 
Big Blackfoot River, July 13, 1883, W. M. Canby. 


SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 103 
Senecio exaltatus, Nutt. (J. M. Greenman). 
Thompson Falls, June 7, 1902. 


Senecio flavovirens, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 27:181, is 
the western form of S. Balsanutae, Muhl. and includes all Montana 


' species referred to the latter (Flora, 446). 


Senecio Hookeri, Torr. & Gray. Apparently. Rydberg’s S. 
atriapiculatus. 


Senecio integerrimus, Nutt. (J. M. Greenman). Between 
Bozeman and Belgrade, May 29, 1898, collector doubtful. 


Senecio lugens, Richardson. (J. M. Greenman). Lower 
Basin of the Gallatin, July 8, 1808. 


Senecio nephrophyllus, Rydberg, Flora, 446; apparently S. debilis, 
Nutt. (J. M. Greenman). 


Senecio ovinus, Greene, Pittonia, 4:110. (J. M. Greenman). 
Sperry Glacier, 8000 ft., Sept. 1, 1903; Mt. Hyalite, 10,000 {t., 
Aug. 1, 1902; McDonald’s Peak, Mission Range, July 19, 1893, 
W. M. Canby. 


Senecio saxosus, Klatt.; S. petraeus, Klatt.;S. petrocallis, Greene ; 
S. alpicola, Rydberg, Flora, 447. (J. M. Greenman). 
Black Butte, Tobacco Root Range, 10,000 ft., Aug. II, 1902. 


Northernmost range yet reported. 


Senecio sphaerocephalus, Greene, Pittonia, 3:106; S. altus, 
Rydb. (J. M. Greenman), Brackett-Flathead Cr. Divide, 7000 ft., 
June 26, 1902. , 


Solidago multiradiata scopulorum, Gray. Mountain near 
Stanton Lake, 7000 ft., Aug. 1, 1894, R. S. Williams; mountain near 
Nyack, gooo ft., Aug. 25, 1902, M. J. Elrod. 


*Sonchus arvensis, L. Imported from the East with shrubbery. 
Bozeman, July 30, 1904. Apparently not maturing seed here. 


*Sonchus oleraceus, L. Much more rare than S. asper, Vill. 
Prickly, Pear Canyon, July 28, 1887, R. S. Williams; Bozeman, 


July 30, 1894. 
Stenotus Andersoniit, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 27:615. See 


Aplopappus Andersonu before. 
“Belt Mts., 1886, F. W. Anderson, 3561.” 


Shia if 


alg Teor itnon eterophy im, Greene. : 
Se ae Plains, June 6, 1902. 


= Pacific Coastey +3 . ra 
"ae 5 -*Xanthium spinosum, ae . Well sostablignad as a. pede | 
3 Fi sheep camp east of Victor, Bitter Root Valley, R. Parkhurst, Sept 


BRE | 5» 1900. pb sotahyy, brought i in by phege 3 from aes Pacific Coast. d 


bs 


= ’ i - . ae 
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SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA. 


ee Beye 


= = ~ 
5 SESSSQ 
= — = e=7 = & =, 
= z ~~ 
Z 
Se = Fee 
— 
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Z, 


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CREPIS NANA, RICHARDSON. 


D. Mature fruit X 7. 


Gu BlowerexX,3! 


A. Plant natural size. 
Bb. Single head XK 2 


106 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. y 


PLATE VI. :. 


Drawing by Miss E. A, DuHamel, 


SAGITTARIA PANICULATA, BLANKINSHIP. 
A. Plant about half size. Cc. Stamen X 5. 
Flower natural size. ; D. Akene X 7. 


[ I SUPPLEMENT TO THE FLORA OF MONTANA, 107 

INDEX. 

page. % page. 
A DICE Me Meee ti Mere evaats thachislm oialecas So DUDIEUTUMI. a oe ) 2 99, GUE 
MST KONBUIE, eck sclee CONTE MERCI MIC eR SOU ee CallitmiChaGeres sapaistelel tell elsieiecy.slo ore 86 
ag WeXES EE ey come Camas gs POG EER eae SOMO LLUGr ECG oe ta war <i spsene! ssh alloy'h's, ouch even 86 
A COLA CELE ies bacco shal cuenel chanel SO GapriiGiaceconen ete ieee shins cis ala « 
CIULICAM a cs Pence oo cece Wayalerale wececs ¢ SOs CATCAMIMGi ss sate o. Se a sels 58 
HA CUS PUN aa Pane sae ok 0. daar thet sx ae GLPEC ALOK ite ices ne Soh scape oat o) ahaa once 48 
ADIT CO EIe A ents, o lelcie Beltre ete miefirueve A (Vee CATiiiteer ata ore aa shed Rel ovahots « Oa, 9 
PAT OMT AI oh archaeon ered teen Caled be seeve area be Caryvopmy laces iiwtates ods calce nee « 54 
ALYSSUDY % «0 Doan Ode hited tibace net Hipe CICHLUSt a yetrecn sists os se tabsleere, orale! oe 42 
JACM ATA GACEEO glace Wat lscoteesierm) « SOU MOCO LAUPER Wao sictsre sien ec ad False © cierate 101 
Amaranthus? 3.3/5. HOU Cenastitimame rset. fo sale s suk Saletan acuee e 52 
FAMANTEOS TAN poh areps eeme oc hake tee oe aid atrerers OOvs COTS Staats ou ocho Se are) .- sad, sect oa eens, 70 
PANTO CH ICI brie Si Neniy ae sree Garecae-ote GIIMCSrCOCAT DUS as ha Batted chalets ls oe ak ers 69 
AMINE UTA TLE SA Sw araien of Se stabavere ss) ohne, sua eten ¢ STs o BChHenOpPOGAGese.. sien site cia ve fae 50 
ATNMOLOD CLS tat ee Wem Sas nin eater yaa ewes 3 Si (eh PySOMSi sire wale tie tec ckeckekodclsbel acta ate 101 
AMOACALMIAGCE Erste erect © ecabevelaeis SOM COLGR. OV ITI Mn et sare cum tis ep ee ia taare aay ot are 101 
LATO OSOTEM st eres dante sd erite ee ee OLAV EOMIAN Ss af sete neta soe 6 ace sie 50,51 
PATIOTUOUM OL | obser teal abel aus oF evans. s specs Ose COL OTIMATES ID site c. cues oh vs ol oY asics oo Baltes ohare ors 53 
ISSAC Ar ee Came ROA IPSCO Coe SOMLOMUCUGS reuters hie ort Rua ta ea adal'e als 101 
PAHTOT TAT GD sy are dues s So vce Bene GO TOG RM COMPORLEDIE. we caret sraea (Woo cule ny aetabe 99 
JATRAVICTIY EAE ODE HOD Cee ARNE BeOS CREO ONE Wein MOLeh Onn Hen ge Seis kan baer oleic adeartaiewnn ots Cee 38 
PAN OW ADDU Saeecs cists: TOOL 2 Sen COMLOSELUM ane apd creme secede = istel Wiel a olie 91 
CUMIC CHA Ate weg chest es cok de cane = o-éc ol ays oe DOC OIE VINO ee hele aoe co rercecere an camer 58 
JGR M ONS” GUC aid. Sache bay CG Ear i NO Ope ONLY OLMVIMULAC CCOM gal ed seretel ol unk tl tial arate 96 
Aragallus See CORAVLOnMIZAN seers suave. cals acsreb wees: coves 45 
JAIME MATRON Be On Qe ec ip Ie oO oe GOLA Cera ola Ants lake aenelalsieas o.acles 94 
PUTORATIAN yp icles ok vera sie ee Mey ee CMSELAT CSS A, ioueh Wate teN uc tele cGOne «at's o(. cero? 94 
WAST: FOUN ONC yr oh hat ca! susllets) atl Shaye ste ie: shel GH CrASS PLACEBO wie wre selene a els/e #2) fche) snake < 61 
PAIS ETC Aur A gray Rare: theese etn ocelee 5 POA LESS USNS a ocho dye ol Cleiccs siete) o's sete. 8 69 
PATUCTVISTUG earacetee, S eehry al yak Feel poke TAK LOTGSNOEIS (hincrecae eee Cue aeICERL Ce TORE OCI Ne 105 
NSE OTy ss shot nicer iises feces WO cl O ter Ori GULL cers. Foy sid aloww shal si a's os & sbepons, these 57 
NSE T A AES cranes eres oy euee santa ois shegstsial ce Teleea OECD TH EOT Ow a) crete « satsre oh a «els, Ore oie wes cal s 48 
Balsamorrhivas. 2 ..cee serene yeas: HC) RCC ALS CU PeMeM e Seal oleh a cYate)is. dhs ‘ol ap'e sts. of cliey vas 96 
IBarhanedmey,. cae ruc acceeis amt MACs) On GY MODEGE Sims cic srele-). s,s suse dieie.e! 3 9193 
Berberidacew: wee cece oer aan ts DUS CYMOLO SGU Teter owiste sie eie voles +o 0 otole 96 
ROT DOLLSD beh oassendit vale actyats Uy Fy aus ame) OPE COC ral tra) wate: of eliei eiieacyares ocala eves's 43 
IB CU aig stick seerecky eter ane 2,8) ebaverscane A Sila Vi CIGUSME 5 cclcpey ig ater sicl einrelsis'isiaie.s' so ciate 43 
iSyits (eyokowe har Reine baie 6c oR Gan OR ee LO Pee DET MIME ate sera ¢ aes as.he Dew D4 
WROLT ALU aC CLO tonsa) sveyenceeys elke Syep a cuales ) GaGa Mamie atone sco ce Ue. sleet s)t/ Ba love selel levers oH 
IBOuteloUay. sn ene sc ebets ested saeenes) ApeH Hl COCM At aie ce degeserevegels, « sipiete-<iesoin opets 43 
IBTACDYVACUS et. sia, elcute ia Soyer sh tele LOO Racal Y 110 US Beaeemee tac «| sheqiicle «: spa a sisi eleh spat A3 
IBTASSUCAM sacs chavs a 7a lone dere ot cia eiens a ofitels HSmeMNdOlE DIS a o.o ale sie Ao aiee ae the eraaeae OU 
ESROTINS eaparavenas< Jotevays: cts eters ete ak no) ane PA Loe EAL OD Eesha snot ths Mave,<cns tr Fae atede 88 
LV AU EIMTLS ee carve ests. protic. clots vulval, Sheds F GE APT CA CCD sey tare eich cletel ay oflehs 5. crater tertee 94 
SUL DUISC te miren saree ig te eet) sake eatials orecatents AVERETT SGLOM Bete et aie cha’sc1 meio cis ererene: oekahs 101 


108 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGH SCIENCE STUDIES. 


page. 
WridZONunly ascites sun oes AQ 
Wriophorum: ee Gume . ewes ae 43 
Hor OTUs! oc eisy ace beset sigan ss Notecomie setts te 84, 
FETC. as Gawte ere eo hepe rete ems chests 59 
HiPy threes < os tacte vie seers eels ahel iwc 95 
HUPHOTDIA, Nexcleae menue renee 85, 86 
HMUphorpiac eee, Wie vtec skerniem cl oaieeereys 85 
BAVOl VWs ais oie tenesonsae tetas tetas renee 96 
Hleerkiaes ice. s2 ca aie ecnae eens . 84 
WYASCTAL fs on bo chate one whee ereres 95 
HOAX INUS yy a isis in -ofelsye kere eee bok el eaenseaie 96 
GalinsOfarlia: . iheanisemccass nlnuebeis eemieas 101 
Gaultherac.s: saiste eee erent 94 
Genitianiacee.s3hn ce cee asteahesses 95 
Geran laces)... emi elated ees baeae 84 
GeraniumMy 22 sere ee ete teak 84 
CHOU, 5 a5) Scie a ane een eaters te omeeouevetetle 69 
GIY GOSH ay News oe as cheae cae me eae eee 91 
Gly CYLTHAZA; 1 tos ele aatcksteisteien. <hamckrsetons 96 
Gramimese; cis f._ vabeaasielola stele Wraaiete 41 
Habenarias in ca cunt acosyemasne seers 45 
Hedy Sarin tekst ca eer -nl tienes 74 
FL ClIAMUMUSS oh. rolee ss ek meet ene ee 101 
VSL OLLODIMINT asics cts cette els ee eee ete 96 
FLESPOLISe).. cirye une akc poten ie all baler a ae 59 
FLOUCH ETA yee (ccc n aseneteiarehat ahaha oun 62 
FLOEGEUIM ; ss FarctsPoice bas eisicas eae ea etene 42 
Hydrophyllace®, .. 2.5.06... . 96 
ETVOSCYAMUS, “avisaurewetecel elelles celegee sastces 98 
FV SSODUS asia cere te Rae ee 97 
LiMpPatien Sire ccs rue aia uate 67, 84, 85 
TPOIMOSE SG eeneis hol oes he ane Meet er . 96 
EV GSTS Ache ana clevs tatere olan oatta ent ease tenets 69 
JUDIDETUIS, ks torso thecers Sitters aie 38, 39 
1G Gb APN W ALOE tne am Tyner meas oe cn 96, 97 
HUADLAUERS Recete ceed obs ntact crete atc oa etete 97 
THAICTUIG AAS tor ons arash cee clacioes tele stone 101 
ISA ININTINIG chevecsceemrehare wiceins Woes ere teem ee 97 
ALTO PULTE siccyerree fe cotaier oh ctuelareytte ue wie e tor oters 97 
TGATT RO rs ease ae ove Save eens ee ees 39 
PSLUMINOS BB eiolrs vqtha seed ceheliers honemele TL 
Lentibulariaces, ...... ...... . 98 
IFSDIGIUM cre cist areds wis sasceue othe aie rare ias 59 
MOPtarrPneig ware sere atlas teats serene 62 
Dresquerellasu es ais ikacrers os eatemerate 60 
TIOWASTAG eo imic srs sweets eatoiebe cece mime ce 51 
LISUSETCUINS, Se teeta masnctsrerere 51 0, ee ore 91 


Liliacee, 
Linacee, 
Linaria, 
Linum, 
Lithosperum, 
Loasacee, 
Lomatium, 
Lupinus, 
Lychnis, 
Lycopus, 
Lythracee, 
Madia, 
Malva, 
Malvacee, 
Medicago, 
Mentzelia, 
Menziesia, 
Mertensia, 
Mimulus, 
Mitella, 
Montia, 
Myosotis, 
Myosurus, 
Naiadacee, 
Nasturtium, 
Nepeta, 
Nyctaginacee, 
OEnothera, 
Oleacee, 
Onagra, 
Onagracee, 
Orchidacee, 
Oreocarya, 
Orobanchacee, 
Orthocarpus, 
Osmorrhiza, 
Oxytropis, 
Panicum, 
Papaver, 
Papaveracee, 
Parnassiag nk . 
Pentstemon, 
Petalostemon, 
WeEtaAsives aha ees 
Peucedanum, 
Phyllodoce, 
Physalis, 


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Py. Sariae rere seers Ree ces Shescicacr alte 60 
IPTG Coingite Napsrehomics eeektley OTs: art aseson ato 20S 39 
EIU Scmtatee oieetic Sonu ciege ee caccl ke ole chars 39 
PlAMLASTMACEL ts Wakerouaets.e one eel eaters 99 
IAMS OMe nes Nie cpsices ats ees) soe) ots somch) 
IPO ame aya sedis civkotace Ulaheiersies eae ac ciet ae 42 
Poly gondceste.. ton ctat. cmc oars 49 
Poly GAIN rec ro eve de satiate Anh OS 5 () 
PP ODUMIS se Peeichs Malate onmisteee det es 45, 46 
PORUUIACT COMIN: oe comers Meal epi anc 50 
OT TULAGAN Meceee 0). o8 aydlols eve, vasehore cis Tisttens Dal! 
POTAMORECCOM ea cisreid shes a Jabal Ses etseecs 29 
PrOCemt tilaemrna cesulte sceeeh oeteceaets 69, 76 
Jefoyxes aGbb ttle qs om. chic tepauormruranes tee Sioned Al, 
IPGL, Merete cittenk « & cuskeuebeanc hens 95 
Tesh nayoll YeKetses © Se eis Wiener Chrisie cee aches ne 95 
ELV ULTUULGMa ene ate Rte & Sheieat viol ota kanes ie nee AU) 
IPRCTAXALO AES cereale iut nec sen tae a ae ne Die 9S 
> ViSSOuVEUE eetae arched sh mon euse tie vel re) Slates a ote 94, 95 
VAT OC OMA: Meeieteren hare rare eee LOO OZ 
ENICUCIIS Moree tent wreee a aves enereeei ... 48 
HRATTIN CUAC ERS t er. te Aller sfelsi as eae Oo 
VFL INCULLISs atsets a leh es v8 one ree AR take 
ETN aegee pen meetin adc) oda fe ee a kwon, Ur Ababa dhas < 86 
RUM Re state al rertee oat, oot eh ay gears 62-64 
EUOMANZ OMT Ags = eye chet o/6 epctoeen Seteieca 96 
UO Pence eeeee este ec creheile -amartel Wecatlerets TET At 
PROSACEA ATE ee als Oireteie. ob elves 69 
FUG DOC Kt aeets deve <tteteatsuere bai are, siete ole 102 
ART: cs eg REN SOW Ae SAE RIG a eas a 50 
FUURDSOD cipie sorslanel te eet sharstar snes, widietae eas 40 
AQIS ak arey Monces ovens ene oP scayoneie 52 
SALIULATIAN HP ae ponte: ax homey neers ore? 40 
SaliGgGesert crac bebaeieatisns te, Maacsee wee Breen: 45) 
Dali x AVMs We hrc aaa 46, 47, 48, 96 
Salivia,. Verses, ces ietrete seep ane th 97 
Sami DUGCUS Meare ots) ueterc oso aun, eres 99 
SaxitPace sone eset cate Cie seers 64-69 
Saxlirasacec wares co Meee tia No atstelele 62 
SCHOEN OEHAMD Cysts cals! se wise «mee cts 60 
Scinpusnes ae wea ca eta cena e's 43, 44 
Scropnulariaceee,, Wasiers.1uaeeates «te oe 98 
SCOUT ENG cio aio ierate cen Pee ee meres aay 61 
SOUCCIO, bE eeks, sistent ered ss 5 102, 103 
SSOUA IE fare secs pkerslel okt omer ete ero omtanee 42 
Sheperdiai rn awe ere wists yada eta wees §2 
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BION hs cetewo coe oie a IE aie Hie blebs Oaks 52 


FLORA OF MONTANA. 109 


page. 
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SOL CA MU OM a tiera est Neout va alelcee dart .ccs, oko tel mee 4% 
LIVE LOW SIL arse aieteretonsne sialisits. <i sletehatn 50 
SINT Nee es enaveleal ao statonal Saale 44 
POLAMAGC CL Valera wicca hie eles) spel) si ey ala saloy ays 98 
PI ONUG A LO meses siete coe aie exsist diese, ts acer risks 103 
SOM CIMUIS3 0 4 caetvas marci coke oie chabenmeh oes LO3 
SS OD INT sere cliente cared ered axle ct lcn 8) sume Saticcets 60 
SDSL S UL Alga ses ica eta waualO areaweliee« 52 
Spero rls ee Gece emecrtetha|», ole.4 (wot anes aks 52 
SPL LOSE STUA AT sie eral ard cece ee cael 83 
HLS US Ochre tere cisvajersli ne Ghake: aiie. = wheepsl« 71 
SUNN CIES Ya o'5 6 ganna ioc F 52, 53 
STSMOLULS se won sue olera te eketane 5) oes 191, 103 
VLD VAL CEE oad aces iets) ca falleiiact cia, ie 97 
ADSI A WTI en Secs a ciao Oe 56 
BASED SLY; 13 CUNT Wires ciara oune Nerd ot ol ee anel ace 50 
TOL Cay Cetuctetss ceidiote cue lung ovcanns .. 44 
EAE ROU OWN calap eR laid ML ERCHOAIC ee G RDO 81, 82 
LPL SE UU Teme tars olecheetslist alee te eohesate 42 
Abigoyokeerohhaiwls Antic oe carne a 6 85 
FEV OXINIOM, serctr Mucettiese cram ieene howe 104 
NIMS TES eee aeoee set hacker Seuave tie avale sere atte ate 39 
FALSS LES Olen erates erctataetie:, oie, cu eeetenowe oie 102 
(CHE aa OS Fr SSSR Oe Do 49 
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AW ger. veret: aah ae Ge cocMmAtcucts anu Ue .. 49 
(UT CULAT Acne rats varenh ste rcveleta vole’ Nak Ofer s 98 
VEC MING alesse decay. saan 95 
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VAG AMEN Hatt tas ccemie nea rs one 82, 83 
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IVatiSe are cues teed scan Gis a erc esters we aconels Le 87 
Wisi snieLOMiar its cots. ave srslele ns 91,93 
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Soo emmMUinih wate a, Goreko toate as 44 
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VOL. 1. MAY, 1905. NO. 3. 


MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE 


SCIENCES LUDIES. 


BOTANY. 


COMMON NAMES OF MONTANA PLANTS. 


BY J. W. BLANKINSHIP, ann HESTER F. HENSHALL.,. 


Frontispiece: The Bitter-root. 


BOZEMAN, MONTANA. 
PUBLISHED QUARFERLY BY THE COLLEGE. 


gots NOTICE. 05. SO eet 


I WOULD REGARD 1T AS A FAVOR, IF THE READER WOULD CALL 
MY ATTENTION TO ALL ERRORS AND OMISSIONS IN THE FOLLOWING 
_, LISTS, AS IT IS DESIRED TO SECURE AS MANY AS POSSIBLE OF THE 
COMMON NAMES OF OUR NATIVE MONTANA PLANTS, AS WELL AS 
INFORMATION IN REGARD TO THEIR USES AND ADAPTABILITY TO 
PURPOSES OF ORNAMENTAL CULTIVATION, FOR USE IN FUTURE 
PUBLICATIONS. 

J. W. BLANKINSHIP. 


AVANT COURIER PRINT. 


MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Vol. 1, No. By BOTANY. Issued May 6, 1905. 


Application has been made for entrance as 2d class matter at Bozeman, Mont. postoffice. 


COMMON NAMES OF MONTANA PLANTS. 


By J. W. BLANKINSHIP ann HESTER F. HENSHALL. 


abe TK Feb sesee 
PREFACE. 
Bol eee 


The present list of the popular plant names of some of the more 
common or striking plants of Montana has been gradually brought 
together by noting down the names heard in,common use through- 
out the state and is intended to supply a want not met by. any of 
the text books dealing with our flora and to.give aid and encourage- 
tnent to the amateur and student of our native flowers and trees, 
for whom the scientific names may be hard to remember. No at- 
tempt has been made by the authors to invent names for the de- 
serving, but unnamed beauties, which bloom about us, nor have we 
gone to books to find the names elsewhere in use for any particular 
species; we only try to portray faithfully the names originated or 
applied in local usage, though many of these have been simply 
transferred from similar or related plants in other regions and have 
thus become established among us. 

“The question is often asked, “Why are these hard scientific names 
necessary?’ By reference to the list of common names in the in- 
dex following it will be seen that the same common name is often 
applied to two or more very different species in different parts of 
the state and to still other species in other countries or states, so that 
any discussion of our flowers by their common names would scarce- 
lv be understood outside of the limited locality where the paper was 
written, while it is intended to have only one scientific name, ex- 
pressed in Latin, for each species in every language and in all coun- 
tries and thus secure accuracy of expression otherwise unattainable. 
Hence it is that, while common names’ may be very helpful in the 
local study of a flora, they cannot supply the place of their Latin 
equivalents in papers intended for general circulation. 

We would now remind you of the fact that only a small propor- 
tion of our flowers have yet received common names and that you 
have just as much right to christen them as any one else, while the 


chances are that the name you apply, if found eminently appropri- 
ate and frequently mentioned, is apt to become permanently estab- 
lished and even to displace another less characteristic. 

The common names of plants aptly portray the genius of a peo- 
ple. They express disgust at unwarranted intrusions and disagree- 
able dispositions and flout before us the appearance of the ugly and 
misshapen. They advertise their evils habits and warn us against 
their unknown dangers. Some plants harp upon the fact that they 
furnish food for this or that animal, or have an unfortunate habit 
of lying in wait and poisoning some unsuspecting herbivore, never 
thinking that from the point of view of the plant it is acting strict- 
iy in self-defence. We also find their good qualities often mention- 
ed, as well as their various and peculiar habits of growth or seed- 
dissemination, while their friendship for their late friends and ad- 
mirers, the noble Red Man, and: often even their Indian names, yet 
cling to them in our popular nomenclature, as a badge of honor and 
a well-earned recognition of their former services. But it is from 
their relationships and resemblances, real or imagined, that the 
yreater number of popular names are derived and it is a common 
habit of an immigrant people to christen the strange plants of their 
new homes with the names of the loved flowers of their former land 
and to keep up the old names of the weeds that follow in their 
tootsteps. Yet, the genius of a people finds its most natural ex- 
pression in the new names given to these new species which bloom 
around them and it is here that we see the comic, the poetic, the in- 
dignant hatred, the love and the wild, free happisess of childhood 
and the country home so often displayed, and we can trace in these 
names the love of beauty and grace, the boundless admiration and 
the deepest appreciation of the human heart for the purity, simpli- 
city and elegance of these gentle flowers of Nature, so lavishly dis- 
played before us, toscharm our minds and hearts away from the 
ceaseless toil and the evil passions of this social edifice we have 
built about us—to give us rest and inspire us with higher, purer 
and nobler aims than those we now attempt. 

For convenience of reference two alphabetical lists are given, one 
of the common names with their scientific equivalents, the other of 
the scientific names followed by their corresponding common names. 

Valuable assistance in compiling the present work has been render- 
ed by Mrs. E. W. Scheuber of Livingston, Mrs. M. L. Alderson of 
Bald Butte, Mrs. R. R. Finlay, Amy M. Cooke and Wyatt W. Jones 
of Bozeman, and the many students of botany at the Montana Agri- 
cultural College, who have each year contributed to extend the list 


of names here given. 


COMMON NAMES OF MONTANA PLANTS. TZ 


COMMON NAMES. 


Aconite; Aconitum Columbianum, Nutt. 

Adder’s-tongue; Erythronium grandiflorum, Pursh. 

Alder; Alnus tenuifolia, Nutt. 

‘Alfalfa Dodder; Cuscuta Fpithymum, Murr. 

Alfilaria; Erodium cicutsrium, L’Her. 

Alkali-grass; Distichlis spicata, Greene. 

Alpine Fir; Abies lasiocarpa, Nutt. 

Alpine Pine; Pinus albicaulis, Nutt. 

Arrow-leaf; Balsamorrhiza sagittata, Nutt.; Sagittaria arifolia, Nutt. 

Artichoke; Carum Gairdneri, Gray; Helianthus Maximiliani, Schrad. 

Ash-leaved Maple; Negundo aceroides, \loench. 

Aspen Poplar; Populus tremuloides, Michx. 

Atabasco Lily; Calochortus species. 

Baby Blue-eyes; Pentstemon acuminatus, Dougl. 

Badgers; Anemone patens Nuttalliana, Gray. 

Balm; Balm of Gilead; Populus balsamifera, L. 

Balsam; Balsam Fir; Abies lasiocarpa, Nutt. 

Baneberry; Actza spicata, L. and A. rubra, Willd. 

Barberry; Berberis repens, Lindl. 

Pazzle-weed; Iva axillaris, Pursh. 

Bearberry; Lonicera involucrata, Banks. 

Bear-grass; Xerophyllum tenax, Nutt.; X. Douglasii, Wats. 

Bee Flower; Cleome integrifolia, T. & G. 

Beggar-ticks; Echinosperum floribundum and other species. 

Bell-flower; Campanula rotundifolia, L. 

Big-root; Balsamorrhiza sagittata, Nutt. Ipomoea leptophylla, Torr. 

Bindweed; Polygonum Convolvulus, L. 

Bird-bills; Geranium Carolinianum, L. and G. Bicknellii, Britton. ; 
Dodecatheon conjugens, Greene and other species. 

Birdseed; Lepidium apetalum, Willd. 

Biscuit-root; Lomatium cous, C. & R. and other species. 

Bitter-root; Lewisia rediviva, Pursh. 

Rlack Currant; Ribes Americanum, Mill. 

Blackeyed Susan; Gaillardia aristata, Pursh.; Rudbeckia laciniata, L. 

Black Haw; Cratzgus Douglasii, Lindl. 

slack Moss; Alectoria Fremontii, Tuckerm. 

Black Mustard; Brassica nigra, Koch: 

Biack Pine; Pinus scopulorum, Lemmon. 

Bladder-pod; Physaria didymocarpa, Gray. 


118 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Blanket-flower; Gaillardia aristata, Pursh. 

Blazing-star; Liatris punctata, Hook. 

Flue Anemone; Anemone patens Nuttalliana, Gray. 

Blue Bean; Lupinus species. 

Blue Camas; Camassia esculenta, Lindl. 

Blue-bells; Mertensia oblongifolia, Don.; Campanula rotundifolia, lL. 

Blue Clematis; Clematis Columbiana, T. & G. 4 

Blue Columbine; Aquilegia czrulea, James. 

Blue-eyed Grass; Sisyrinchium species. 

Blue Flag; Iris Missouriensis, Nutt. 

Blue Flax; Linum Lewisii, Pursh. 

Blue-joint; Blue-stem; Agropyron occidentale, Scribn. 

Blue Larkspur; Delphinum Menziesii, DC. & D. bicolor, Nutt. 

Blue Lupine; Lupinus leucopyllus, Dougl. and other species. 

Blue Pea; Blue-weed; Lupinus species. 

Blue Sage; Artemisia cana, Pursh. 

Blue Tulip; Anemone patens Nuttalliana, Gray. 

Blue Violet, Viola adunca, Smith. 

Box-Elder; Negundo aceroides, Moench. 

Brake Fern; Pteris aquilina, L. 

Bread-root; Psoralea esculenta, Pursh. 

Brown-cup Mariposa Lily; Calochortus Gunnisoni, Wats. 

Brown Lily; Fritillaria atropurpurea, Nutt. 

Buckbush; Symphoricarpus species. 

Buchthorn; Neillia malvacea, Greene. 

Buftelo-berry ; Shepherdia argentea, Nutt. 

Buifalo-grass; Bouteloua oligostachya, Torr.; Bulbilis dactyloides, 
Reads 

Buffalo Pea; Astragalus caryocarpus, Ker. Oxytropis Lamberti, 
Pursh. 

Buffalo Rye; Elymus condensatus, Presl. 

Bull-berry ; Shepherdia argentea, Nutt. 

Bull-grass; Eleocharis palustris, L. 

Bull Pine; Pinus scopulorum, Lemmon. 

Bull Thistle; Cnicus lanceolatus, Willd. | 

Bulrush; Equisetum arvense, L.; Scirpus .lacustris occidentalis, 
Wats,; Typha latifolia, L. 

Bunch-grass; Agropyron divergens, Nees. Festuca ovina, L. 

Burdock; Arctium Lappa, L. 

Bur Ragweed; Franseria Hookeriana, Nutt. 

Bur-reed; Sparganium species. | 


COMMON NAMES OF MONTANA PLANTS, 119 


Bush Honeysuckle; Lonicera Utahensis, Wats. 

Buttercup; Ranunculus glaberrimus, Hook. and other species. 
Butterfly Lily; Calochortus species. 

Butterfly Weed; Gaura coccinea, Nutt.; Asclepias speciosa, Torr. 
Cactus; Opuntia species. 

Calipso; Calipso borealis, Salisb. 

Cainas; Camassia esculenta, Lindl. 

Canada Thistle; Cnicus arvensis, Hoffm. 

Cancer-root; Aphyllon faciculatum, Gray. 

Cane-grass; Phragmites communis, Trin. 


‘Canoe Birch; Betula papyrifera, Marsh. 


Careless Weed; Iva xanthiifolia, Nutt.; Amaranthus retroflexus, L. 
Carpet-weed; Euphorbia glytosperma, Engelm. 

Catnip; Nepeta cataria, L. 

Cat’s-eye; Anemone pateaxs Nuttalliana, Gray. 

Cat-tail; Cat-tail Flag; Typha latifolia, L. 

Cedar; Thuja plicata, Don.; Juniperus scopulorum, Sarg. 
Cheat; Chess; Bromus racemosus, L. & B. secalinus, L. 
Chickweed; Cerastium vulgatum, L.; Stellaria media, Smith. 
Chinese Lettuce; Lacttuca Scariola ©. 

Choke Cherry; Prunus demissa, Walp. 

Clarkia; Clarkia pulchella, Pursh. 

Cockle; Saponaria Vaccaria, L. 

Coltsfoot; Petasites sagittata, Gray. 


Columbine; Aquilegia. 


Ccmfrey; Symphytum officinale, L. 

Compass Plant; Lactuca Scariola, L. 

Cone-flower; Lepachys Columnaris, T. & G.; Rudbeckia laciniata,L. 

Coral-vine; Cuscuta arvensis, Beyrich. 

Cotton-weed; Lactuca pulchella, DC.; Epilobium paniculatum, 
Nutt. 

Cous; Cous-root; Lomatium cous, C.& R.; L. montanum, C. & R. 
and other species: 

Cowbane; Cicuta occidentalis, Greene. 

Cow Cabbage; Heracleum lanatum, Michx. 

Cow Cockle; Saponaria Vaccaria, L. 

Cow Parsnip; Heracleum lanatum, Michx. 

Cowslip; Anemone patens Nuttalliana, Gray. 

Crane’s-bill; Geranium Carolinianum, L. and other species. 

Crocus; Anemone patens Nuttalliana, Gray. 

Cucklebur; Glycyrrhiza lepidota, Pursh; Xanthium Canadense, Mill. 


120 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Currant; Ribes species. 

Cushion Cactus; Mamillaria vivipara, Haw. 

Daisy; Townsendia Parryi, Eaton. 

Dandelion; Taraxacum officinale, Weber. 

Deadly Nightshade; Solanum nigrum, L. 

Death Camas; Zygadenus venenosus, Wats. 

Devil’s Darning-needles; Stipa comata, F. & R.; S. spartea, Trin. 

Devil’s Walking-stick; Fatsia horrida, Benth. & Hook. 

Diamond Willow; Salix Mackenziana, Barratt. 

Dock; Rumex crispus, L.; R. salicifolius, Weimm. 

Dodder; Cuscuta. 3 

Dog Fennel; Anthemis Cotula, DC. 

Dog-tooth Violet; Erythronium grandiflorum, Pursh. 

Douglas Fir; Pseudotsuga mucronata, Sudw. 

Douglasia; Douglasia montana; Gray and other species. 

Dragonhead; Dracocephalum parviflorum, Nutt. 

Elder; Elderberry; Sambucus glauca, Nutt. 

Elecampane; Balsamorrhiza sagittata, Nutt. 

Elephant’s Head; Pedicularis Groenlandica, Retz. 

Elm; Ulmus Americanus, L. 

Engelmann’s Spruce; Picea Engelmanni, Engelm. 

Evening Primrose; Cénothera cespitosa, Nutt.; OE. pinnatifida, 
Nutt: 

Fairy Pinks; Orthocarpus tenuifolius, Benth. 

False Flax; Camelina sativa, Crantz. 

False Solomon’s Seal; Smilacina species. 

Field Draba; Draba nemorosa, L. 

Field Mustard; Brassica Sinapistrum, Boiss. 

Fir; Abies; Pseudotsuga. 

Fireweed; Epilobium angustifolium, L.; Erigeron Canadense, L. 

Fishweed; Potamogeton species. 

Five-finger; Potentilla, 

Flowering Sage; Bigelovia graveolens, Gray. 

Flowering Spurge; Euphorbia marginata, Pursh. 

Forgetmenot; Myosotis alpestris, Schmidt. 

Foxtail; Hordeum jubatum, L. 

Frog-sprouts; Equisetum levigatum, A. Br. 

Frost Grape; Vitis vulpina, L. 

Garlic; Allium species. 

Golden Aster; Aplopappus acaulis glabratus, Eaton; Chrysopsis vil- 
losa, Nutt. 


COMMON NAMES OF MONTANA PLANTS. 121 


Golden Daisy; Chrysopsis villosa, Nutt. 

Golden Rod; Solidago species. 

Goosegrass; Polygonum aviculare, L. 

Grama Grass; Bouteloua oligostachya, Torr. 

Graisse de Boeuf; Shepherdia argentea, Nutt. 

Grass Cactus; Yucca angustifolia, Pursh. 

Greasewood; Bigelovia graveolens, Gray; Sarcobatus vermiculatus, 
Torr: 

Green Ash; Fraxinus viridis, Michx. 

Green Dogfennel; Matricaria discoidea, DC. 

Ground Cherry; Astragalus caryocarpus, Ker.; Solanum triflorum, 
‘Nutt. 

Ground Hemlock; Taxus brevifolia, Nutt. 

Ground-nut; Claytonia multicaulis, Nelson. 

Ground Plums; Astragalus caryocarpus, Ker. 

Ground Vervain; Verbena bracteosa, Michx. , 

Grouse-berry; Vaccinum scoparium, Leiberg. 

Gumweed; Grindelia squarrosa, Dunal. 

Harebell; Campanula rotundifolia, L. 

Headache-weed; Clematis Douglasii, Hook. 

Hedge Mustard; Sisymbrium officinale, Scop. 

Hemlock; Tsuga heterophylla, Sarg. 

Henbane; Hyoscyamus niger, L. 

Honey Clover; Melilotus alba, Lam. 

Hop-vine; Humulus Lupulus, L. 

Horehound; Marrubium vulgare, L. 

Horsemint; Monarda scabra, Beck. 

Horsetail; Equisetum arvense, L. 

Horseweed; Ambrosia trifida, L.; Iva xanthiifolia, Nutt.; Erigeron 
Canadensis, L. 

Houndstongue; Cynoglossum officinale, L. 

Huckleberry; Vaccinium mebranaceum, Dougl. 

indian Hemp; Apocynum androsemifolium, L.; A. cannabinum, L. 

Indian Millet; Eriocoma cuspidata, Nutt. 

Indian Pea; Astragalus caryocarpus, Ker. 

Indian Pink; Castilleia; Cleome integrifolia, T. & G, 

Indian Turnip; Psoralea esculenta, Pursh. 

Ironweed; Artemisia biennis, Willd.; Epilobium angustifolium, L. 

jJacob’s Ladder; Polemonium czruleum, Gray. 

Jerusalem Oak; Chenopodium Botrys, L. 

Joint-weed; Equisetum levigatum, A. Br. 


122 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Jonny-jump-ups; Dodecatheon conjugens, Greene and Viola adun- 
ca, Smith. 

Juneberry; Amelanchier alnifolia, Nutt.; Symphoricarpus occiden- 
talis, Hook. 

Juniper; Juniperus Sabina procumbens, -Pursh. 

Kalispell; Heuchera glabella, T. & G. ; 

Kinnikinink; Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, Spreng.; Cornus stolonuera, 
Michx. 

Knotgrass; Polygonum aviculare, L.; P. littorale, Link. 

Kitten-tails; Synthyris rubra, Benth. 

Lady-slipper; Cypripedium. 

Lamb’s-quarter; Chenopodium album, L. 

Larb; Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, Spreng. 

Larkspur; Delphinium. 

x.eopard Lily; Fritillaria atropurpurea, Nutt. 

Lion’s-beard; Anemone patens Nuttalliana, Gray; Clematis Doug- 
lasii, Hook. 

Little Buffalo-grass; Bulbilis dactyloides, Raf. 

Little Sugar Pine; Pinus monticola, Dougl. 

Lobelia; Zygadenus species. 

Loco-weed; Loco; Oxytropis Lamberti, Pursh and other species. — 

Lodgepole Pine; Pinus Murrayana, Murr. 

Love-vine; Cuscuta arvensis, Beyrich. 

Maple; Acer. 

Maple-leaved Goosefoot; Chenopodium hybridum, L. 

Marigold; Actinella acaulis, Nutt. 

Mariposa Lily; Calochortus species. 

Mayflower; Anemone patens Nuttalliana, Gray. 

Mayweed; Anthemis Cotula, DC. 

Meadow-sweet; Galium boreale, L. 

Milfoil; Achillea lanulosa, Nutt. 

Milkweed; Asclepias speciosa, Torr.; Lactuca pulchella, DC. 

‘Missoula Pine; Pinus ponderosa, Dougl. 

Monkshood; Aconitum Columbianum, Nutt. 

Montana Edelweiss; Gentiana frigida, Haenke. 

Moose-grass; Xerophyllum tenax, Nutt. : 

Moss Phlox; Phlox Hoodii, Rich. ve 

Moss Pink; Phlox Hoodii, Rich. 

Moss Rose; Lewisia rediviva, Pursh. 

Moth Mullein; Verbascum Blattaria, L. 

Mountain Alder; Alnus sinuata, Rydb. 


COMMON NAMES OF MONTANA PLANTS. 


Mountain Ash; Pyrus sambucifolia. C. & S. 
Mountain Birch; Betula microphylla, Bunge. 
Mountain Clover; Trifolium species. 

Mountain Laurel; Ceanothus velutinus, Dougl. 


123 


Mountain Lily; Calochortus Nuttalli, T. & G.; Lilium montanuns, 


Nelson. 
Mountain Mahogany; Cercocarpus ledifolius, Nutt. 
Mountain Maple; Acer glabrum, Torr. 
Mountain Pink; Douglasia species. 
Mountain Primrose; Oenothera czspitosa, Nutt. 
Mountain Thistle; Cnicus eriocephalus, Gray. 
Mountain Timothy; Phleum alpinum, L. 
Mullein; Verbascum Thapsus, L. 
Narrow-leaved Cottonwood; Populus angustifolia, James. 
Nettle; Urtica gracilis, Ait. 
Nigger-head; Rudbeckia occidentalis, Nutt. 
Nut Pine; Pinus albicaulis, Engelm.; P. flexilis, James. 
Oak-leaved Goosefoot; Chenopodium glaucum, L. 
Old-man; Artemisia frigida, Willd. 
Old-man Graybeard; Cnicus eriocephalus, Gray. 


Old-man’s Whiskers; Geum triflorum, Pursh (in fruit); Clematis 


Douglasii, Hook. in fruit. 
Oregon Grape; Berberis repens, Lindl. 
Ox-eye Daisy; Chrysanthemum Leucanthemun, L. 
Paint-brush; Castilleia. 
Paint-cup; Castilleia species. 
Paper Birch; Betula papyrifera, Marsh. 
Partridgeberry ; Symphoricarpus species. 
Pennycress; Thlaspi arvense, L. 
Pepper-grass; Lepidium apetalum, Willd. 
Pig’s-feet; Astragalus caryocarpus, Ker. in bloom. 


Pigweed; Amaranthus retroflexus, L.; Chenopodium album, L. 


Pigweed Pursely; Amaranthus blitoides, Wats. 

Pin Clover; Erodium cicutarium, L’ Her. 

Pine-grass; Xerophyllum tenax, Nutt. & X. Douglasii, Wats. 
Pink Violet; Viola Canadensis, L. 

Pitch Pine; Pinus albicaulis, Engelm. 

Piantain; Plantago Asiatica, L.; P. major, L. 

Pcison Oak; Rhus Toxicodendron, L.; R. Rydbergii, Smati. 


Pomme Blanche; Pomme de Prairie; Psoralea esculenta, Pursli. 


Porcupine Grass; Stipa comata, F. & R.; S. spartea, ‘Trin. 


124 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Poverty-weed; Iva axillaris, Pursh; Monolepis chenopodioides, Moq. 

Prairie Apples; Astragalus caryocarpus, Ker. 

Prairie Bean; Thermopsis rhombifolia, Nutt. 

Prairie Star; Tellima parviflora, Hook. 

Prickly. Lettuce; Lactuca Scariola, UW 

Purple Heather; Bryanthus empetriformis, Gray. 

Prickly Pear; Opuntia polyacantha platycarpa, Coult. and over 
species. 

Prince’s Pine; Chimaphila umbellata, Nutt. 

Quaker Bonnet; Lupinus species. 

Quaking Asp; Populus tremuloides, Michx. 

Rabbit-weed; Bigelovia graveolens, Gray. 

Racine amare; Lewisia rediviva, Pursh. 

Ragweed; Ambrosia artemisizefolia, L.; Erigeron Canadensis, L. 

Rayless Dogfennel; Matricaria discoidea, DC. 

Rattlesnake-weed; [¢chinacea angustifolia, DC. 

Rattleweed; Astragalus frigidus Americanus, Gray with dry fruit. 

Red Cedar; Juniperus scopulorum, Sarg. and J. Virginiana, L. 

Red Columbine; Aquilegia flavescens, Wats. . 

Red-cup Mariposa Lily; Calochortus Nuttallii, T & G. 

Red Fir; Pseudotsuga mucronata, Sudw. 

Red Haw; Cratzgus coccinea, L. 

Red-head Louisa; Lewisia rediviva, Pursh. 

Red Huckleberry; Vaccinnum scoparium, Leiberg. 

Red Loco; Oxytropis Blankinshipii, (Nelson). 

Red Monkey-flower; Mimulus Lewisii, Pursh. 

Red Willow; Cornus stolonifera, Michx. 

Reed Grass; Phragmites communis, Trin. 

Ribgrass; Plantago Patagonica gnaphalioides, Gray. 

River Cottonwood; Populus deltoides, Marsh. (Eastern plains.) 

Rock-rose; CGfnothera czspitosa, Nutt. 

Rockweed; Balsamorrhiza sagittata, Nutt. 

Rosinweed; Grindelia squarrosa, Dunal.; Madia glomerata, Hook. 

Rush; Equisetum levigatum, A. Br. 

Russian Thistle; Salsola Kali Tragus, Moq. 

Rye-grass; Agropyron tenerum, Vasey; Elymus condensatus, Presl. 

Sage-brush; Artemisia tridentata, Nutt.; A. cana, Pursh and other 
species. 

Salmonberry; Rubus Nutkanus, Moc. 

Salsify; Tragopogon_porrifolius, L. 

Saltgrass; Distichlis spicata, Greene. 


St 


COMMON NAMES OF MONTANA PLANTS. 12 


Salt Sage; Iva axillaris, Pursh. 

Sand Lily; Mentzelia ornata, T. & G. and M. levicaulis, T. & G. 

Sand Puffs; Abronia micrantha, Chois. and other species. 

Sand Rose; CEnothera cespitosa, Nutt.; Lewisia rediviva, Pursh. 

Sarsaparilla; Apocynum androsemifolium, L.; Aralia nudicaulis, L. 

Sarvice-berry; Amelanchier alnifolia, Nutt. 

Scorpion-weed; Phacelia leucophylla, Torr. 

Scotch Thistle; Cnicus lanceolatus, Willd. 

Scrub Pine; Pinus scopulorum, Lemmon. 

Sedge; Carex species. 

Sego Lily; Calochortus species. 

Shadberry; Amelanchier alnifolia, Nutt.; Rubus Nutkanus, Moc. 

Shepherd’s Purse; Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Moench. 

Shoe-stfings; Oxytropis Blankinshipit (Nelson) and other species. 

Shooting-stars ; Dodecatheon conjugens, Greene and other species. 

Shrub: Maple; Acer glabrum, Torr. 

Silkweed; Asclepias speciosa, Torr. 

-Silver-bush; Elzagnus argentea, Pursh. 

Silver Plant; Eriogonum ovalifolium, Nutt. 

Skeleton-weed; Lygodesmia juncea, Don. 

Skunkweed; Polemonium czruleum, Gray. 

Slough Grass; Beckmannia eruczformis, Host.; Carex-species; Hor. 
deum jubatum, L. 

Small Bunch-grass; Festuca ovina, L. 

Snake-root; Steironema ciliatum, Raf. 

Snapdragon; Mimulus Langsdorfi, Don. 

Snow-on-the-mountains; Euphorbia marginata, Pursh. 

Soap-root; Soapweed; Yucca angustifolia, Pursh. 

Sour Greens; Rumex venosus, Pursh. 

Sow-thistle; Sonchus asper, Vill. 

Spanish Bayonet; Yucca angustifolia, Pursh. 

Spatlum; Lewisia rediviva, Pursh. 

Spear-grass; Stipa comata, F. & R.; S. spartea, Trin. 

Spider Plant; Cleome integrifolia, T. & G. 

Spotted-cup Lily; [Fritillaria atropurpurea, Nutt. 

Spring Beauty; Claytonia lanceolata, Pursh & C. multicaulis, Nel- 
son. 

Spring Daisy; Townsendia Parryi, Eaton. 

Spring Lily; Leucocrinum montanum,, Nutt. 

Spruce; Picea species. 

Spurry; Spergula arvensis, L. ‘ 


426 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Squaw Cabbage; Montia parvifolia, Howell. 

Squaw Feather; Castilleia. 

Squaw Lettuce; Montia asarifolia, Howell. 

Squaw-root; Carum Gairdneri, Gray. 

Squirrel-tail Grass; Hordeum jubatum, L. 

Stagberry; Symphoricarpus species. 

Star-flower; Tellima parviflora, Hook. 

Star of Bethlehem; Leucocrinum, montanum, Nutt. 

Star-strikers; Erythronium grandiflorum, Pursh. 

Sticktights; Echinospermum species. 

Sticky Currant; Ribes cereum, Dougl. 

Strawberry Pig-weed; Chenopodium capitatum, Wats. 

Stinging Nettle; Urtica gracilis, Ait, 

Stinkweed; Cleome integrifolia, T. & ees Solanum triflorum, Nutt. 
Sulphur Plant; Eriogonum subalpinum, eens 

Sunflower; Helianthus annuus, L. and other species. 

Swamp Birch; Betula microphylla, Bunge. 3 

Swamp Potato; Sagittaria arifolia, Nutt. | 

Swamp Sego; Camassia esculenta, Lindl. 

Swan Potato; Sagittaria arifolia, Nutt. 

Sweet Alyssum; Thlaspi alpestre, L. . 
Sweet-Clover; Melilotus alba, Lam.; Trifolium Rydbergii, Greene — 
Sweetgrass; Glyceria fluitans, R. Br. and G. aquatica, Smith. 

Sweet Sage; Artemisia frigida, Willd. 

Sweet Sumac: Rhus trilobata, Nutt. 

Sweet William; Phlox longifolia, Nutt. 

Syringa; Philadelphus Lewisii, Pursh. 

Tall Larkspur; Delphinium glaucum, Wats. 

Tall Ragweed; Ambrosia trifida, L. 

Tall Rye-grass; Elymus condensatus, Presl. 

Tall White Primrose; Cénothera albicaulis, Nutt. 

Tamarack; Larix occidentalis, Nutt. 

Tansy Mustard; Sisymbrium incisum, Engelm.; S. canescens, Nutt. 
Tarweed; Madia glomerata, Hook. 

Tickle-grass; Panicum capillare, L. 

Tickseed; Echinospermum species. 

Tiger Lily; Fritillaria atropurpurea, Nutt. 
Tobacco-root; Valeriana edulis, Nutt. 

Tongue-grass; Lepidium apetalum, Willd. 

Trailing Juniper; Juniperus Sabina procumbens, Pursh. 
Traveler’s Joy; Clematis ligusticifolia, Nutt. 


COMMON NAMES OF MONTANA PLANTS, 127 


Tree Moss; Alectoria Fremontii, Tuckern. (black) ; Bazzania trilo- 
bata, (yellow), Gray. 

Tule; Scirpus lacustris occidentalis, Wats. 

Tumble-grass; Panicum capillare, L. 

Tumbleweed; Amaranthus albus, L. 

Tumbling Mustard; Sisymbrium altissimum, L.. 

Turkey’s Beard; Xerophyllum tenax, Nutt. and X. Douglasii, Wats. 

Twinberry; Lonicera Utahensis, Wats. 

Umbrella Plant; Eriogonum subalpinum, Greene. 

Velvet-leaf Sunflower; Balsamorrhiza sagittata, Nutt. 

Venus’ Slipper; Calipso borealis, Salisb. 

Virginia Creeper; Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michx. 

Virgin’s Bower; Clematis lingusticifolia, Nutt. 

Wappatoo; Sagittaria arifolia, Nutt. 

Water Birch; Betula microphylla, Bunge. 

Water Hemlock; Cicuta occidentalis,.Greene. 

Water-leaf; Hydrophyllum capitatum, Dougl. 

Water Lily; Nuphar species and Sagittaria species. 

Water Parsnip; Cicuta occidentalis, Greene. 

White Birch; Betula papyrifera, Marsh. 

White Cedar; Thuja plicata, Don. 

White Clematis; Clematis ligusticifolia, Nutt. 

White Fir; Abies grandis, Lindl. 

White Lady Slipper; Cypripedium montanum, Doug. 

- White Larkspur; Delphinium glaucum, Wats. raciean 

White Loco; See Loco. 

White Melilot; Melilotus alba, Lam. : 

White Pine; Pinus flexilis, James; P. monticola, Dougl. ae 

White Sage; Artemisia Ludoviciana, Nutt. 

White Spruce; Picea alba, Link. 

White Sunflower; Wyethia helianthoides, Nutt. 

White Violet; Viola Canadensis, L. 

White Water-lily; Sagittaria species. 

Wide-leaved Cottonwood; Populus deltoides, Marsh. 

Wild Arnica; Grindelia squarrosa, Dunal. 

Wild Artichoke; Helianthus Maximiliani, Schrad. 

Wild Asparagus; Lygodesmia juncea, Don.; Equisetum levigatum, 
AY eo Bf: 

Wild Baby’s-Breath; Gayophytum cesium, Nutt. 

Wild Begonia; Rumex venosus, Pursh. 

Wild Buckwheat; Polygonum Convolvulus, L. 


128 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE SYUDIKES. 


Wild Candytuft; Arabis Nuttallii, Robins. 

Wild Clematis ; Clematis ligusticifolia, Nutt. 

Wild Clover; Trifolium species. 

Wild Cucumber, Echinocystis lobata, T. & G. 

Wild Currant; Ribes species. 

Wild Flag; Iris Missouriensis, Nutt. 

Wild Fleur de Lis; Iris Missouriensis, Nutt. 

Wild Garlic; Allium species. 

Wild Ginseng; Aralia nudicaulis, L. 

Wild Gooseberry; Ribes setosum, Lindl. 

Wild Grape; Vitis vulpina, L. 

Wild Heliotrope; Phacelia Menziesii, Torr. 

Wild Hollyhock; Malvastrum coccineum, Gray. 

Wild Honeysuckle; Lonicera ciliosa, Poir. 

Wild Hop; Humulus Lupulus, L. 

Wild Hyacinth; Brodiza Douglasi, Wats. 

Wild Hydrangea; Rumex venosus, Pursh. 

Wild Lettuce; Lactuca pulchella, DC. 

Wild Lily; Lilium montanum, Nelson. 

Wild Lily of the Valley; Smilacina species. 

Wild Liquorice; Glycyrrhiza lepidota, Pursh. 

Wild Mint; Mentha Canadensis, L. 
Wild Morning-glory; Convolvulus Sepium, L. 
Wild Mustard; Brassica Sinapistrum, Boiss. 

Wild Oats; Avena fatua, L. 

Wild Onion; Allium species. 

Wild Parsley; Lomatium montanum, C. & R. 

Wild Parsnip; Leptotznia multifida, Nutt. and other Umbilifers. 
Wild Pea; Vicia Americana, Muhl.; Lupinus flexuosus, Lindl. 
Wild Peppermint; Mentha Canadensis, L. 

Wild Phlox; Phlox longifolia, Nutt. 

Wild Plum; Prunus Americana,, Marsh. 

Wild Potato; Solanum triflorum, Nutt. 

Wild Red Geranium; Geranium incisum, Nutt. 

Wild Red Raspberry; Rubus strigosus, Muichx. 

Wild Rice; Eriocoma cuspidata, Nutt. 

Wild Rose; Rosa species. 

Wild Rye; Elymus Canadensis, L. 

Wild Sarsaparilla; Aralia nudicaulis, L. 

Wild Strawberry; Fragaria species. 

Wild Sunflower; Helianthus annuus, L. and other species. 


COMMON NAMES OF MONTANA PLANTS. 129 


Wild Syringa; Philadelphus Lewisii, Pursh. 

Wild Tansy; Achillea lanulosa, Nutt. 

Wild Thistle; Cnicus undulatus, Nutt. 

Wild Tomato; Solanum triflorum, Nutt. 

Wild Tuberose; Leucocrinum montanum, Nutt, 

Wild Turnip; Brassica campestris, L. 

Wild White Geranium; Geranium Richardsonii, F. & T. 

Willow; Salix species. 

Willow Herb; Epilobium angustifolium, L. 

Windflower; Anemone patens Nuttalliana, Gray. 

Wintergreen; Pyrola uliginosa, Torr. 

Wire-grass; Eleocharis palustris, L.; Juncus Balticus, Willd. and 
other species. 

Wolfsbane; Aconitum Columbianum, Nutt. 

Wormwood; Artemisia biennis, Willd. 

Yamp; Carum Gairdneri, Gray. 

Yardgrass; Polygonum aviculare, L. 

Yarrow; Achillea lanulosa, Nutt. 

Yellow-bell; Fritillaria pudica, Spreng. 

Yellow Columbine; Aquilegia flavescens, Wats. 

Yellow-Currant; Ribes aureum; Pursh. 

Yellow Daisy; Chrysopsis villosa, Nutt. 

Yellow Flax; Linum rigidum, Pursh. 

Yellow Lady Slipper; Cypripedium parviflorum, Salisb. 

Yellow Melilot; Melilotus officinalis, Willd. 

Yellow Monkey-flower; Mimulus Langsdorfii, Donn. 

Yellow Pea; Thermopsis rhombifolia, Nutt. 

Yellow Pine; Pinus ponderosa, Dougl. 

Yellow Primrose; CEnothera muricata, L. (O. strigosa, Rydb.). 

Yellow Rose; Potentilla fruticosa, L. 

Yellow Sage; Bigelovia graveolens, Gray. 

Yellow Snapdragon; Thermopsis montana, Nutt. 

Yellow Thistle; Sonchus asper. Vill. 

Yellow Tree-moss; Bazzania trilobata, S. F. Gray. 

Yellow Violet; Viola praemorsa, Dougl. 

Yellow Water-lily; Nuphar advena, Ait. & N. polysepalum, Engelm, — 

Yew; Taxus brevifolia, Nutt. 


130 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. ; ; } 


SCIENTIFIC NAMES. y 


Species starred (*) are introduced and are mostly weeds. 

Abiés grandis, Lindl. White Fir. ; 

Abies lasiocarpa, Nutt. Balsam; Balsam Fir; Alpine Fir. 

Abronia micrantha, Chois. and other species. Sand Puffs. 

Acer glabrum, Torr. Mountain Maple; Shrub Maple. 

Achillea lanulosa, Nutt. Milfoil; Wild Tansy; Yarrow. 

Aconitum Columbianum, Nutt. Monkshood; Wolfsbane; Aconite. 

Actzea spicata, L. and A. rubra, Willd. Baneberry. ; 

Actinella acaulis, Nutt. Marigold. 

Agropyron divergens, Nees. Bunch-grass. 

Agropyron occidentale, Scribn. & spp. Blue-joint; Blue-stem. 

Agropyron tenerum, Vasey. Rye-grass. 

Alectoria Fremontii, Tuckerm. Black Moss; Tree Moss (on Con- 
ifers). 

Allium Sibericum, L. & spp. Wild Onion; Wild Garlic; Garlic. 

Alnus sinuata, Rydb. Moutain Alder. 

Alnus tenuifolia, Nutt. Alder. 

Amaranthus albus, L. Tumble-weed, from its tumbling habit in 
the winter. 

Ameranthus blitoides, Wats. Pursely; Pigweed Pursely, from its 
resemblance to the Eastern Purslane (Portulaca oleracea). 

*Amaranthus retroflexus, L. Pigweed; Careless-weed. 

“Ambrosia artemisiefolia, L. Ragweed. 

“Ambrosia trifida, L. Tall Ragweed; Horse-weed. 

Amelanchier alnifolia, Nutt. Sarvice-berry; Juneberry; Shad- 
berry. 

Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michx. Virginia Creeper. 

Anemone patens Nuttalliana, Gray. Cowslip; Wind Flower; Cat’s 
Eye; Blue Tulip; Blue Anemone; Badgers (when peeping through 
the ground in early spring); Lion’s Beard (from its feathery 
fruit). 

*Anthemis Cotula, DC. Mayweed; Dog Fennel. 

Aphyllon fasciculatum, Gray. Cancer Root ( a reputed remedy for 
this disease). 

Aplopappus acaulis glabratus, Eaton. Golden Aster. 

Apocynum androsemifolium, L. Sarsaparilla. 

Apocynum cannabinum, L. and A. androsemifolium, L. Indian 
Hemp. 


COMMON NAMES OF MONTANA PLANTS. 131 


Aquilegia czrulea, James. Blue Columbine. 

Aquilegia flavescens, Wats. Yellow Columbine; Red Columbine. 

Arabis Nuttallii, Robins. Wild Candytuft. 

Aralia nudicaulis, L. Wild Ginseng; Wild Sarsaparilla. 

“Arctium Lappa, L. Burdock. 

Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, Spreng. Larb (L’herb); Kinnikinink. 

“Artemisia biennis, Willd. Ironweed; Wormwood. 

Artemisia cana, Pursh. Blue Sage. 

Artemisia frigida, Willd. Sweet Sage; Old Man. 

Artemisia tridentata, Nutt. and A. cana, Pursh. Sage-brush. 

Artemisia Ludoviciana, Nutt. White Sage. 

Asclepias speciosa, Torr. Milkweed; Silkweed; Butterfly Weed. 

Astragalus caryocarpus, Ker. Ground Plums; Prairie Apples; In- 
dian Pea; Buffalo Pea; Ground Cherry; Pig’s-feet (when in 
bloom). , 

Astragalus frigidus Americanus, Gray. Rattleweed (from the dry 
fruit). ; 

*Avena fatua, L. Wild Oats. 

Balsamourrhiza sagittata, Nutt. Big Root; Velvet-leaf Sunflower; 
Arrow-leaf; Rockweed. ; 

Bazzania trilobata, S. I. Gray. Yellow Tree Moss (on Conifers). 

Berberis repens, Lindl. Oregon Grape; Barberry. 

Betula microphylla, Bunge. Mountain or Swamp Birch; Water 
Birch. 

Betula papyrifera, Marsh. White Birch; Paper or Canoe Birch. 

Beckmannia eruceformis, Host. Slough Grass. _ 

Bigelovia graveolens, Gray. Greasewood; Yellow Sage; Flowering 
Sage; Rabbit Weed. 

Bouteloua oligostachya, Torr. Buffalo-grass; Grama-grass. 

*Brassica campestris, L. - Wild Turnip.) 

*Brassica nigra, Ioch. -Black Mustard. 

“Brassica Sinapistrum, Boiss. Wild Mustard; Field Mustard. 

Brodiza Douglasii, Wats. Wild Hyacinth. 

“Bromus racemosus, L. and B. secalinus, L. Cheat; Chess. 

Bryanthus empetriformis, Gray. Purple Heather. 

Calochortus apiculatus, Baker and other species. Atabasco Lily; 
Sego Lily; Mariposa Lily; Butterfly Lily. 

Calochortus Gunnisoni, Wats. Brown-cup Mariposa Lily. 

Calochortus Nuttallii, Torr. & Gray. Red-cup Mariposa Lily; 
Mountain Lily. 

Calypso borealis, Salisb. Calipso; Venus’ Slipper. 


132 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Camassia esculenta, Lindl. Camas; Swamp Sego; Blue Camas. 

*Camelina sativa, Crantz. False Flax. 

Campanula rotundifolia, L. Blue-bells; Harebell; Bell-flower. 

*Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Moench. Shepherd’s Purse. 

Carex species. Sedge; Sloug-grass. 

Carum Gairdneri, Gray. Squaw-root; Yamp (Ind.); Artichoke. 

Castilleia spp. Painted-cup; Squaw Feather; Indian Pink; Paint 
Brush. 

Ceanothus velutinus, Dougl. Mountain Laurel. 

*Cerastium vulgatum, L. Chickweed. 

Cercocarpus ledifolius, Nutt. Mountain Mahogany. 

Chenopodium album, L. Lamb’s quarter; Pigweed. 

*Chenopodium Botrys, L. Jerusalem Oak. 

“Chenopodium capitatum, Wats. Strawberry Pigweed. 

Chenopodium glaucum, L. Oak-leaved Goosefoot. 

“Chenopodium hybridum, L. Maple-leaved Goosefoot. 

Chimaphila umbellata, Nutt. Prince's Pine. 

*Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, L. Oxe-eye Daisy. 

Chrysopsis villosa, Nutt. Golden Aster; Golden Daisy; Yellow 
Daisy. , a 

Cicuta occidentalis, Greene. Water Hemlock; Water Parsnip; Cow- 
bane. 

Clarkia pulchella, Pursh. Clarkia. 

Claytonia lanceolata, Pursh. and C. multicaulis, Nelson. Spring 
Beauty ; Ground-nut. 

Clematis Columbiana, Torr. & Gray. Blue Clematis. 

Clematis ligusticifolia, Nutt. Virgin's Bower; White Clematis; 
Traveler’s Joy; Wild Clematis. 

Clematis Douglasii, Hook. Lion’s Beard; Headache-weed; Old- 
man’s Whiskers. 

Cleome integrifolia, Torr. & Gray. Indian Pink; Stinkweed; Bee 
Flower; Spider Plant. 

Cnicus arvensis, Hoffm. Canada Thistle. 

Cnicus eriocephalus, Gray. Mountain Thistle; Old-man Graybeard, 

*Cnicus lanceolatus, Willd. Scotch Thistle; Bull Thistle. 

Cnicus undulatus, Nutt. Wild Thistle. 

Convolvulus Sepium, L. Wild Morning Glory. 

Cornus stolonifera, Michx. Red Willow; Kinnikinink, 

Crateegus coccinea, L. Red Haw. 

Crategus Douglasii, Lindl. Black Haw. 

Cuscuta arvensis, Beyrich. Love-vines; Coral-vines. | 


COMMON NAMES OF MONTANA PLANTS. 133 


*Cuscuta Epithymum, Murr. Alfalfa Dodder. 

*vynoglossum officinale, L. Hound’s-tongue. 

Cypripedium montanum, Dougl. White Lady’s Slipper. 

Cypripedium parviflorum, Salisb. Yellow Lady’s Slipper. 

Delphinium glaucum, Wats. Tall Larkspur; White Larkspur. 

Delphinium Menziesii, DC. and D. bicolor, Nutt. Blue Larkspur. 

Distichlis spicata, Greene. Alkali Grass; Salt-grass. 

Dodecatheon conjugens, Greene and other species. Shooting-stars; 
Bird-bills. 

Douglasia montana, Gray. Douglasia; Mountain Pink. 

Draba nemorosa, L. Field Draba. 

Dracocephalum parviflorum, Nutt. Dragonhead. 

Echinacea angustifolia, DC. Rattlesnake Weed. 

*Echinocystis lobata, Torr. & Gray. Wild Cucumber. 

Echinospermum floribundum, Lehm. and other spp. Beggar Ticks; 
Stick-tights ; Tickweed. 

Eleagnus argentea, Pursh. Silver-bush. 

Eleocharis palustris, L. Waire-grass; Bull-grass. 

Elymus Canadensis, L. Wald Rye. 

Elymus condensatus, Presl. Rye-grass; Tall Rye-grass; Buffalo 
Rye. . 

Epilobium angustifolium, L. Ironweed; Fireweed; Willow Herb. 

Epilobium paniculatum, Nutt. Cottonweed. 

Equisetum arvense, L. Horsetail; Bulrush. 

Equisetum levigatum, A. Br. Wild Asparagus; Joint-weed; Frog- 
sprouts; Rush. 

*Erigeron Canadensis, L. Ragweed; Fireweed: Horsewe2.'. 

Eriocoma cuspidata, Nutt. Wild Rice; Indian Millet. 

Eriogonum subalpinum, Greene. Sulphur Plant; Umbrella Plant 
(with other species). : 

Eriogonum ovalifolium, Nutt. Silver Plant (A supposed indication 
of silver ores in the rocks beneath). 

*Erodium circutarium, L’Her. Alfillaria; Pin Clover. 

Erythronium grandiflorum, Pursh.  Star-strikers; Dog-tooth Vio- 
let; Adders-tongue. 

Euphorbia glyptosperma, Engelm. Carpet-weed. 

*Euphorbia marginata, Pursh. Flowering Spurge; Snow on the 
Mountains. 

Fatsia horrida, Benth & Hook. Devil’s Walking-stick. 

Festuca ovina, L. Bunch Grass; Small Bunch-grass. 

Fragaria spp. Wald Strawberry. 


134 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Franseria Hookeriana, Nutt. Bur Ragweed. 

Fraxinus viridis, Michx.. Green Ash. 

Fritillaria atropurpurea, Nutt. Tiger Lily; Leopard Lily; Spotted 
Cup Lily; Brown Lily. 

Fritillaria pudica, Spreng. Yellow-Bell. 

Gaillardia aristata, Pursh. Blackeyed Susan; Blanket-flower ; 
Gaillardia. 

Galium boreale, L. Meadow-sweet. 

Gaura coccinea, Nutt. Butterfly Weed. 

Gayophytum caesium, Nutt. Wild Baby’s-Breath. 

Gentiana frigida, Haenke. Montana Edelweiss. 

Geranium Carolinianum, L. and G. Bicknellii, Britton. Crane’s 

" Bill; Bird-Bills. 

Geranium incisum, Nutt. Wild Red Geranium. 

Geranium Richardsonii, Fisch. & Trautv. Wild White Geranium. 

Geum triflorum, Pursh. Old-man’s Whiskers (when in fruit). 

Glyceria fluitans, R. Br. & G. aquatica, Smith. Sweet-grass. 

Glycyrrhiza lepidota, Pursh. Wild Liquorice; Cucklebur. 

Grindelia squarrosa, Dunal. Rosin-weed; Wild Arnica; Gum-weed. 

Helianthus annuus, L. and other spp. Sunflower; Wild Sunflower. 

Helianthus Maximiliani, Schrad. Wild Artichoke. 

Heracleum lanatum, Michx. Cow Parsnip: Cow Cabbage. 

Heuchera glabella, T. & G. Kalispell. 

Hordeum jubatum, L.  Foxtail; Squirrel-tail Grass; Slough-grass. 

Humulus Lupulus, L. Wild Hop; Hop-vine. 

Hydrophyllum capitatum, Dougl. Water-leaf. 

Ipomeea leptophylla, Torr. Big Root. 

Iris Missouriensis, Nutt. Blue Flag; Wild Flag; Wild Fleur de 
Mis; 

Iva axillaris, Pursh. Bazzle-weed; Salt Sage; Poverty weed. 

Iva xanthiifolia, Nutt. Careless Weed; Horseweed. 

juncus Balticus, Willd. and spp. Wire-grass. 

Juniperus scopulorum, Sarg. Red Cedar. 

Juniperus communis alpina, Gaud. and J. Sabina procumbens, Pursh. 
Juniper; Trailing Juniper. 

Lactuca pulchella, DC. Milkweed; Wild Lettuce ; Cotton-weed. 

Lactuca Scariola, L. Prickly Lettuce; Chinese Lettuce; Compass- 

Plant. 

Larix occidentalis, Nutt. Tamarack. 

Lepachys columnaris, Torr. & Gray. Cone-flower. 

Lepidium apetalum, Willd. Bird-seed; Tongue-grass; Pepper-grass. 


COMMON NAMES OF MONTANA PLANTS. 13 


Ol 


Leptotenia multifida, Nutt. Wild Parsnip. 

Leucocrinum montanum, Nutt. Spring Lily; Wild Tuberose; Star 
of Bethlehem. 

Lewisia rediviva, Pursh. Bitter-root; Red-head Louisa; Racine 
amare (Fr.); Spatlum (Ind.). 

Liatris punctata, Hook. Blazing Star. 

Lilium montanum, Nelson. Mountain Lily. 

Linum Lewisii, Pursh. Blue Flax. 

Linum rigidum, Pursh. Yellow Flax. 

Lithospermum angustifolium, Michx. Indian Paint. 

Lomatium ambiguum, Coult & Rose, L. cous, C. & R. (andy Ey 
montanum, C. & R.?). Cous; Cous Root; Biscuit Root; Wild 
Parsley. 

Lonicera ciliosa, Poir. Wild Honeysuckle. 

Lonicera involucrata, Banks. Bearberry. 

Lonicera Utahensis, Wats. Bush Honeysuckle; Twinberry. 

Lupinus leucophyllus, Dougl. and other species. Blue Lupine; 
Wild Pea; Prairie Bean; Blue Bean; Quaker Bonnet; Blue Pea; 
Plue-weed. 

Lygodesmia juncea, Don. Wild Asparagus; Skeleton Weed. 

*Madia filipes, Gray. Little Tarweed. 

Madia glomerata, Hook. Tarweed; Rosin-weed. 

Malvastrum coccineum, Gray. Wald Hollyhock. 

Mamillaria vivipara, Haw. Cushion Cactus. 

*Marrubium vulgare, L. Horehound. 

Matricaria discoidea, DC. Green or Rayless Dogfennel. 

*Melilotus alba, Lam.* Sweet or Honey Clover; White Melilot. 

*Melilotus officinalis, Willd. Yellow Melilot. 

_ Mentha Canadensis, L. Wild Mint; Wild Peppermint. 

Mentzelia ornata, T.& G. Sand Lily. 

Mertensia oblongifolia, Don. and other spp. _Blue-Bells: 

Mimulus Langsdorfii, Donn. Snapdragon ; Yellow Monkey-Flower. 

Mimulus Lewisii, Pursh. Red Monkey-Flower. 

Monolepis chenopodioides, Moq. Poverty Weed. 

Montia asarifolia, Howell. Squaw Lettuce. 

Montia parviflora, Howell. Squaw Cabbage. 

Myosotis alpestris, Schmidt. Forgetmenot. 

Neillia malvacea, Greene. Buckthorn. 

Negundo aceroides, Moench. Box Elder; Ash-leaved Maple. 

*Nepeta cataria, L. Catnip. 

Nuphar advena, Ait. and N. polysepalum, Engelm. Yellow Water 


136 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


ate . 
(E£nothera albicaulis, Nutt. Tall White Primrose. 
(Enothera cespitosa, Nutt. Evening Primrose; Mountain Prim- 


rose;. Rock Rose. 
CEnothera muricata, L. (O. strigosa, Rydb.). Yellow Primrose. 
(Enothera pinnatifida, Nutt. Evening Primrose. 
Grthocarpus tenuifolius, Benth. Fairy Pinks. 
Opuntia polyacantha platycarpa, Coult. Prickly Pear; Cactus. 
Oryzopsis. See Eriocoma. 
Oxytropis Blankinshipii, (Nelson). Red Loco; Shoe-strings. 
Oxytropis Lambertii, Pursh. Loco-weed; White Loco; Buffalo 
Pea. 
“Panicum capillare, L. Tumble-grass; Tickle-grass. | 
Pedicular#s Groenlandica, Retz. Elephant’s Head. 
Pentstemon acuminatus, Dougl. Baby Blue-eyes; Mayflower. 
Petasites sagittata, Gray. Coltsfoot. . 
Peucedanum. See Lomatium, 
Phacelia leucophylla, Torr. Scorpion Weed. 
Phacelia Menziesii, Torr. Wild Heliotrope. 
Philadelphus Lewisii, Pursh. Wild Syringa. 
Phleum alpinum, L. Mountain Timothy. 
Phlox Hoodii, Rich. Moss Pink; Moss Phlox. 
Phlox longifolia, Nutt. Sweet William. 
Phragmites communis, Trin. Cane Grass; Reed Grass: 
Physaria didymocarpa, Gray. Bladder Pod. 
Picea alba, Link. White Spruce. 
Picea Engelmanni, Engelm. Engelmann’s Spruce. 
Pinus albicaulis, Engelm. Nut Pine; Pitch Pine; Alpine Pine. 
Pinus flexilis, James. White Pine; Nut Pine. 
Pinus monticola, Dougl. White Uae: Little Sugar Pine. 
Pinus Murrayana, Murr. Lodgepole Pine. 
Pinus ponderosa, Dougl. Yellow Pine; Missoula Pine. 
Pinus scopulorum, Lemmon. Bull Pine; Black Pine; Scrub Pine. 
Plantago Asiatica, L. and *P. major, L. Plantain. 
Plantago Patagonica gnaphalioides, Gray.  Ribgrass. 
Polemonium ceruleum, Gray. Jacob’s Ladder; Skunkweed. 


. 


Polygonum Convolvulus, L. Wild Buckwheat; Bindweed. 


Populus angustifolia, James. Narrow-leaved Cottonwood. 
Populus balsamifera, L. Balm of Gilead; Balm. 

Populus deltoides, Marsh. Wide-leaved or River Cottonwood. 
Populus tremuloides, Michx. Quaking Asp; Aspen Poplar. 


COMMON NAMES OF MONTANA PLANTS, 137 


og 


Potamogeton spp. Fishweed. 

Pteris aquilina, L. Brake Fern. 

Potentilla spp. Five-finger. 

- Potentilla fruticosa, L. Yellow Rose. 

Prunus Americana, Marsh. Wild Plum. 

Prunus demissa, Walp. Choke Cherry. 

Pyrola uliginosa, Torr. Wintergreen. 

Pseudotsuga mucronata, Sudw. Red Fir; Douglas Fir. 

Psoralea esculenta, Pursh. Indian Turnip; Bread-root; Pomme 
Blanche or Pomme de Prairie (French Voyageur). 

FPyrus sambucifolia, Cham. & Schl. Mountain Ash. 

Ranunculus spp. Buttercup. 

Ribes Americanum, ill. Black Currant. 

Ribes aureum, Pursh. Yellow Currant. 

Ribes cereum, Dougl. and R. viscosissimum, Pursh. Sticky or Vis- 
cid Currant. 4 . 

Ribes setosum, Lindl. Wald Gooseberry. 

Rhus Rydbergii, Small and R. Toxicodendron, L. Poison Oak. 

Rhus trilobata, Nutt. Sweet Sumac. 

Rosa spp. Wild Rose. 

Rubus Nutkanus, Moc. Salmonberry ; Shadberry. 

Rubus strigosus, Michx. Wild Red Raspberry. 

Rudbeckia laciniata, L. “Black-eyed Susan; Cone-flower; Nigger- 
head. | 

Rudbeckia occidentalis, Nutt. Nigger-head. 

*Rumex crispus, L. and R. salicifolius, Weinm, Dock. 

Rumex venosus, Pursh. Sour Greens; Wild Begonia; Wild Hvy- 
drangea. 

Sagittaria arifolia, Nutt. Arrow-leaf; White Water Lily; Swan or 
Swamp Potato; Wappatoo (Ind.). 

Salix spp. Willow. 

Salix Mackenziana, Barratt. Diamond Willow. 

Salsola Kali Tragus, Moq. Russian Thistle. 

Sambucus glauca, Nutt. Elder; Elderberry. 

Saponaria Vaccaria, L. Cockle; Cow Cockle. 

Sarcobatus vermiculatus, Torr. Greasewood. 

Scirpus lacustris occidentalis, Wats. Bulrush; Tule. ; 

Shepherdia argentea, Nutt. Buffalo Berry; Bull-berry; Graisse de 
Boeuf (Fr.). 

*Sisymbrium altissimum, L. Tumbling Mustard. 


138 MONTANA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SCIENCE STUDIES. 


Sisymbrium incisum, Engelm. and S. canescens, Nutt. Tansy Mus- 
tard. 

Sisymbrium officinale, Scop. Hedge Mustard. 

Sisyrinchium spp. Blue-eyed Grass. 

Smilacina spp. False Solomon’s Seal; Wild Lily of the Valley. 

Solanum nigrum, L. Deadly Nightshade: 

Solanum triflorum, Nutt. Stinkweed; Wild: Potato; Wild Tomato; 
Ground Cherry. 

*“Sonchus asper, Vill. Yellow Thistle; Sow-thistle. 

Sparganium spp. Bur-reed. 

*Spergula arvensis, L. Spurry. 

Steironema ciliatum, Raf. Snake-root. 

*Stellaria media, Smith. Chickweed. 

Stipa comata, F. & R. and S. spartea, Trin. Spear Grass; Porcupine 
Grass; Devil's Darning-needles. 

Symphoricarpus occidentalis, Hook. June Berry; Buckbush; Stag- 
berry; Partridge-berry. : 

*Symphytum officinale, L. Comfrey. 

Synthyris rubra, Benth.  Kitten-tails. 

Taraxacum officinale, Weber. Dandelion. 

Taxus brevifolia, Nutt. Ground Hemlock; Yew. 

Tellima parvifiora, Hook. Star-flower; Prairie Star. 

Thermopsis montana, Nutt. Yellow Snapdragon, 

Thermopsis rhombifolia, Nutt. Prairie Bean; Yellow Pea. 

Thlaspi alpestre, L. Sweet Alyssum. 

“Thlaspi arvense, L. Pennycress. 

Thuja plicata, Don. White Cedar; Cedar. 

Townsendia Parryi, Eaton. Spring Daisy; Daisy. 

*“Tragopogon porrifolius, L.  Salsify; Oyster Plant. 

Trifolium Rydbergii, Greene. Sweet Clover. 

Trifolium spp. Wild Clover, Mountain Clover. 

Trillium ovatum, Pursh. Trillium; Wake Robin. 

Tsuga heterophylla, Sargent. Hemlock. 

Typha latifolia, L. Cat-tail; Cat-tail Flag; Bulrush. 

Ulmus Americana, L. . Elm; White Elm. 

*Urtica gracilis, Ait. Nettle; Stinging Nettle. 

Vaccinium membranaceum, Dougl. Huckleberry. 

Vaccinium .scoparium, Leiberg. Red Huckleberry; Grouse-berry. 

Valeriana edulis, Nutt. Tobacco Root. 

*Verbascum Blattaria, L. Moth Mullein. 

*“Verbascum Thapsus, L. Mullein. 


COMMON NAMES OF MONTANA PLANTS. : 139 


Verbena bracteosa, Michx. Ground Vervain. 

Vicia Americana, Muhl. Wild Pea. 

Viola adunca, Smith. Blue Violet; Common Blue Violet. 

Viola Canadensis, L. White or Pink Violet. 

Viola cognata, Greene. Mountain Violet. 

Viola premorsa, Dougl. Yellow Violet; Common Yellow Violet. 

Vitis vulpina, L. Wild Grape; Frost Grape. 

Wyethia helianthoides, Nutt. White Sunflower. 

Xanthium Canadense, Mill. Cucklebur. 

Xerophyllum tenax, Nutt. and X. Douglasii, Wats.  Bear-grass; 
Moose Grass; Turkey’s Beard; Pine Grass. 

Yue.a angustifolia, Pursh. Soaproot; Soapweed; Spanish Bay- 
onetion Crass. Cactus. 

Zygadenus venosus, Wats. Death Camas; Lobelia. 


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